Aims/hypothesis Animal models indicate that even exposure to mild maternal hyperglycaemia in utero is detrimental to the beta cell function of the offspring, but evidence of this in humans is limited. In Europids who are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes before the age of 50 years, the risk of diabetes in the offspring of the diabetic mothers is greatly increased compared with the...
Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to measure the heritability estimates for metabolic traits and the features of the insulin resistance syndrome in families with an increased genetic susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 811 non-diabetic relatives from 278 pedigrees of northern European extraction in which there was a sib-pair with Type 2 diabetes were...
Aims/hypothesis. Adequate comparison of the relative performance of insulin sensitivity tests is not yet available. We compared the discrimination of four insulin sensitivity tests, commonly used in vivo, across a range of glucose tolerance. Methods. Normal (n = 7), impaired glucose tolerant (n = 8) and Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects (n = 9) had in random order...
Aims/hypothesis. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, is expressed in the pancreatic beta cells and is activated by glucose and other secretagogues in a manner correlating with insulin secretion. The activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II mediates some of the actions of Ca2+ on the exocytosis of insulin. We therefore investigated the gene encoding the...
The gut hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a potent insulin secretogogue with potential as a therapy for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). GLP-1 has been shown to reduce glucose concentrations, both basally, and, independently, in response to a single meal. For it to be an effective treatment, it would need to be administered as a long-acting therapy, but...
Abstract.Aims/hypothesis: To determine the association of three genes associated with Alzheimer's disease – butyrylcholinesterase (BcHE) on chromosome 3 q, α2 macroglobulin (α 2M) on chromosome 12 p and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) on chromosome 19 q – with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Methods: Frequencies of BcHE K variant, α 2M insertion and/or deletion...
Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus has a substantial genetic component; however, its molecular basis remains largely unknown. The mode of inheritance is likely to be polygenic, with penetrance influenced by environmental factors. Although the familial aggregation of Type II diabetes is acknowledged, there is little data concerning the prevalence of diabetes in the...
In vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that metabolic deterioration can be induced by hyperglycaemia per se. The effect of 53 h of 2.2 mg glucose · kg ideal body weight−1· min−1 was examined in four normal male subjects. This produced overnight hyperglycaemia of 6.0 mmol/l on the two nights of the study compared with 4.7 mmol/l on the control night (p<0.05). In response...
-Beecham Ltd. for financial support. Dr. J. C. Levy Diabetes Research Laboratories Radcliffe Infirmary Woodstock Road Oxford OX2 6HE UK 1. Gutman RA , Lazarus NR , Penhos JC , Fajans SS , Recant L ( 1971
Variation at the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) minisatellite 5' of the insulin gene (INS) is associated with several phenotypes, including type 1 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, and birth weight. Case-control studies have suggested that class III VNTR alleles are also associated with type 2 diabetes, but results have been inconsistent and may reflect population...
SummaryNon-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) has a substantial genetic component, but the mode of inheritance and the molecular basis are unknown. We have undertaken segregation analysis of NIDDM after studying 247 subjects in 59 Caucasian nuclear pedigrees ascertained without regard to family history of the disorder. The analyses were performed using POINTER and COMDS...
