BMC Infectious Diseases

http://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com

List of Papers (Total 15,379)

Enhancing enteric pathogen detection: implementation and impact of multiplex PCR for improved diagnosis and surveillance

Syndromic surveillance of acute gastroenteritis plays a significant role in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal infections that are responsible for a substantial number of deaths globally, especially in developing countries. In Lebanon, there is a lack of national surveillance for acute gastroenteritis, and limited data exists regarding the prevalence of pathogens...

Bisphosphoglycerate mutase predicts myocardial dysfunction and adverse outcome in sepsis: an observational cohort study

Sepsis not only causes inflammation, but also damages the heart and increases the risk of death. The glycolytic pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced cardiac injury. This study aims to investigate the value of bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM), an intermediate in the glycolytic pathway, in evaluating cardiac injury in septic patients and predicting...

Risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on international flights, a retrospective cohort study using national surveillance data in England

It is not yet fully understood to what extent in-flight transmission contributed to the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to determine the occurrence and extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in-flight and assess factors associated with transmission risk to inform future control strategies. Retrospective cohort study using data...

A novel diagnostic model for tuberculous meningitis using Bayesian latent class analysis

Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is hampered by the lack of a gold standard. Current microbiological tests lack sensitivity and clinical diagnostic approaches are subjective. We therefore built a diagnostic model that can be used before microbiological test results are known. We included 659 individuals aged $$\ge 16$$ years with suspected brain infections from a...

Cryptococcosis with pulmonary cavitation in an immunocompetent child: a case report and literature review

Pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) rarely occurs in immunocompetent children. A 13-year-old boy was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University in February 2023 with complaints of cough and chest pain. Physical examination showed slightly moist rales in the right lung. Chest computed tomography (CT) suggested a lung lesion and cavitation. Blood routine test...

Enhancing detection of SARS-CoV-2 re-infections using longitudinal sero-monitoring: demonstration of a methodology in a cohort of people experiencing homelessness in Toronto, Canada

Accurate estimation of SARS-CoV-2 re-infection is crucial to understanding the connection between infection burden and adverse outcomes. However, relying solely on PCR testing results in underreporting. We present a novel approach that includes longitudinal serologic data, and compared it against testing alone among people experiencing homelessness. We recruited 736 individuals...

Prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance of endemic healthcare-associated infections in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) place a significant burden on healthcare systems globally. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and aetiologic agents of endemic HCAI in Africa. MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, and Global Health databases (EBSCOhost interface) were searched for studies published in English and French describing...

Risk factors for diagnosis and treatment delay among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Hunan Province, China

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a global health threat associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Diagnosis and treatment delays are associated with poor treatment outcomes in patients with MDR-TB. However, the risk factors associated with these delays are not robustly investigated, particularly in high TB burden countries such as China. Therefore, this...

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein among people living with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy: a systemic review and meta-analysis

The pathological consequences of inflammation persist in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), regardless of the positive outcomes of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The current systematic review and meta-analysis aims to understand and explore the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and other cardiovascular disease (CVD...

Analysis of ART effects and drug resistance in adult HIV/AIDS patients in Meigu County, Liangshan Prefecture, China

This study aimed to understand the basic situation of adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Meigu County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. The information of patients who had been on ART for more than 6 months, the effect of ART, the possible reasons for ART failure, knowledge of drug resistance among patients with ART failure...

Clinical and immunological outcomes of HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed uninfected children in the first 24 months of life in Western Kenya

Previous studies show increased morbidity in children who are HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) compared to children who are HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU). We sought to evaluate the effects of prenatal HIV exposure on clinical and immunological outcomes in the first 24 months of life. Eighty-five HEU and 168 HUU children from Kenya were followed from birth to 24 months. All...

The diagnostic utility of heparin-binding protein among patients with bacterial infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bacterial infections are considered a leading cause of hospitalization and death globally. There is still a need for a rapid and feasible biomarker for bacterial infections. Heparin-binding protein (HBP) was shown to be related to bacterial infections. The objective of the study is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of HBP in bacterial infections. Articles were screened in...

First COVID-19 wave in the province of Bergamo, Italy: epidemiological and clinical characteristics, outcome and management of the first hospitalized patients

Northern Italy was the first European country affected by the spread of the SARS-CoV-2, with the epicenter in the province of Bergamo. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of patients who experienced more severe symptoms during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. We retrospectively collected epidemiological and clinical data on patients with laboratory-confirmed wild...

A regimen based on the combination of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with caspofungin and corticosteroids as a first-line therapy for patients with severe non-HIV-related pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a retrospective study in a tertiary hospital

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a life-threatening and severe disease in immunocompromised hosts. A synergistic regimen based on the combination of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) with caspofungin and glucocorticosteroids (GCSs) may be a potential first-line therapy for PJP. Therefore, it is important to explore the efficacy and safety of this synergistic...

Urine biomarkers individually and as a consensus model show high sensitivity and specificity for detecting UTIs

Current diagnoses of urinary tract infection (UTI) by standard urine culture (SUC) has significant limitations in sensitivity, especially for fastidious organisms, and the ability to identify organisms in polymicrobial infections. The significant rate of both SUC “negative” or “mixed flora/contamination” results in UTI cases and the high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria...

The effect of educational intervention on efficacy of 1% permethrin shampoo and 4% dimeticone lotion to treat head lice infestation using propensity score matching (PSM)

Head lice are a main public health problem and the most important human ectoparasites and the use of pediculicides is the most common way to control it. One of the possible causes of treatment failure is the lack of improper application of pediculicide. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of education on efficacy of 1% permethrin or 4% dimeticone lotion to treat head...

Radiographic characteristics of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in the STREAM stage 1 trial and their influence on time to culture conversion in the short regimen

Stage 1 of the STREAM trial demonstrated that the 9 month (Short) regimen developed in Bangladesh was non-inferior to the 20 month (Long) 2011 World Health Organization recommended regimen. We assess the association between HIV infection and radiographic manifestations of tuberculosis and factors associated with time to culture conversion in Stage 1 of the STREAM trial. Reading...

Clinical features and outcomes of influenza and RSV coinfections: a report from Canadian immunization research network serious outcomes surveillance network

Influenza and RSV coinfections are not commonly seen but are concerning as they can lead to serious illness and adverse clinical outcomes among vulnerable populations. Here we describe the clinical features and outcomes of influenza and RSV coinfections in hospitalized adults. A cohort study was performed with pooled active surveillance in hospitalized adults ≥ 50 years from the...

Factors associated with an unsuppressed viral load among HIV-positive individuals attending STI services in South Africa, 2019

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), particularly in the absence of viral suppression, increase the risk of HIV transmission to uninfected partners. We determined factors associated with having an unsuppressed VL among HIV-positive individuals attending STI services in South Africa (SA). We analysed secondary cross-sectional data collected on HIV-positive individuals...

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: prevalence, characteristics, and impact on prognosis

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging zoonosis with a high fatality rate in China. Previous studies have reported that dysregulated inflammatory response is associated with disease pathogenesis and mortality in patients with SFTS. This investigation aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS...

Bivalent mRNA vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 among older adults in Japan: a test-negative study from the VENUS study

Bivalent COVID-19 vaccines have been implemented worldwide since the booster vaccination campaigns of autumn of 2022, but little is known about their effectiveness. Thus, this study holistically evaluated the effectiveness of bivalent vaccines against infection in older adults in Japan. We adopted the test-negative design using COVID-19 test data of individuals, aged ≥ 65 years...

Mucormycosis mimicking portal hypertensive haemorrhage as a complication of alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a case report

Mucor is a rare cause of gastrointestinal ulcers. This case describes a case of mucormycosis that occurred in a patient with liver cirrhosis who was hospitalized to accept a splenectomy for traumatic splenic rupture. During the perioperative period, the patient developed upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB), which was diagnosed as mucormycosis-related gastric ulcer according to...

Testing, diagnosis, and treatment following the implementation of a program to provide dried blood spot testing for HIV and hepatitis C infections: the NSW DBS Pilot

Dried blood spot (DBS) testing provides an alternative to phlebotomy and addresses barriers to accessing healthcare experienced by some key populations. Large-scale evaluations of DBS testing programs are needed to understand their feasibility. This study evaluated the implementation of a state-wide DBS HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing pilot. The New South Wales (NSW) DBS...

Factors associated with immunological non-response after ART initiation: a retrospective observational cohort study

Among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality of immunological non-responders (INRs) is higher than that of immunological responders (IRs). However, factors associated with immunological non-response following ART are not well documented. We obtained data for HIV patients from the National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program database in...

Emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in Canada: a retrospective analysis from clinical and wastewater data

The spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been studied at unprecedented levels worldwide. In jurisdictions where molecular analysis was performed on large scales, the emergence and competition of numerous SARS-CoV-2lineages have been observed in near real-time. Lineage identification, traditionally performed from clinical samples, can also be determined by sampling wastewater from sewersheds...