Insights into Imaging

http://www.springer.com/13244

List of Papers (Total 1,092)

Classification of nasal polyps and inverted papillomas using CT-based radiomics

Nasal polyp (NP) and inverted papilloma (IP) are two common types of nasal masses. And their differentiation is essential for determining optimal surgical strategies and predicting outcomes. Thus, we aimed to develop several radiomic models to differentiate them based on computed tomography (CT)-extracted radiomic features. A total of 296 patients with nasal polyps or papillomas...

Artificial CT images can enhance variation of case images in diagnostic radiology skills training

We sought to investigate if artificial medical images can blend with original ones and whether they adhere to the variable anatomical constraints provided. Artificial images were generated with a generative model trained on publicly available standard and low-dose chest CT images (805 scans; 39,803 2D images), of which 17% contained evidence of pathological formations (lung...

Generalizable attention U-Net for segmentation of fibroglandular tissue and background parenchymal enhancement in breast DCE-MRI

Development of automated segmentation models enabling standardized volumetric quantification of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) from native volumes and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) from subtraction volumes of dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI. Subsequent assessment of the developed models in the context of FGT and BPE Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS...

Evaluation of surgical revascularization procedure outcomes for adult Moyamoya disease: a computed tomography perfusion-based study

The effectiveness of surgical interventions, whether direct or indirect, for Moyamoya disease (MMD) remains controversial. This study aims to investigate CT perfusion (CTP) as an objective method to evaluate the outcomes of different surgical modalities for adult MMD. The clinical and imaging data of 41 patients who underwent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery...

Optimal combination periprosthetic vasculature visualization and metal artifact reduction by spectral computed tomography using virtual monoenergetic images in total hip arthroplasty

To investigate the optimal parameters of spectral CT for preferably visualizing the periprosthetic vasculature and metal artifact reduction (MAR) in total hip arthroplasty (THA). A total of 34 THA of 30 patients were retrospectively included. Image reconstructions included conventional image (CI), CI combined with MAR (CIMAR), and virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) combined with...

Prognostic utility of body composition parameters based on computed tomography analysis of advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of body composition parameters based on computed tomography (CT) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received ICI treatment. This retrospective study analyzed the data from advanced NSCLC patients treated with ICI therapy between 2013 and 2019. We included patients with NSCLC who underwent...

CT and MR imaging of primary biliary cholangitis: a pictorial review

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare chronic autoimmune-mediated cholestatic liver disease involving medium and small bile ducts that can lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. To date, the pathogenesis of PBC remains elusive, and there is currently no curative medical treatment. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, as common technical tools that...

Cardiovascular metrics on CT pulmonary angiography in patients with pulmonary hypertension — re-evaluation under the updated guidelines of pulmonary hypertension

To re-assess cardiovascular metrics on computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in predicting pulmonary hypertension (PH) under the 2022 ESC/ERS guidelines. This observational study retrospectively included 272 patients (female 143, mean age = 54.9 ± 12.5 years old) with suspected PH. 218 patients were grouped to evaluate cardiovascular metrics on CTPA and develop a...

An MRI-based grading system for preoperative risk estimation of positive surgical margin after radical prostatectomy

To construct a simplified grading system based on MRI features to predict positive surgical margin (PSM) after radical prostatectomy (RP). Patients who had undergone prostate MRI followed by RP between January 2017 and January 2021 were retrospectively enrolled as the derivation group, and those between February 2021 and November 2022 were enrolled as the validation group. One...

Stepwise diagnostic algorithm for high-attenuation pulmonary abnormalities on CT

High-attenuation pulmonary abnormalities are commonly seen on CT. These findings are increasingly encountered with the growing number of CT examinations and the wide availability of thin-slice images. The abnormalities include benign lesions, such as infectious granulomatous diseases and metabolic diseases, and malignant tumors, such as lung cancers and metastatic tumors. Due to...

Ten reasons to screen women at risk of lung cancer

This opinion piece reviews major reasons for promoting lung cancer screening in at-risk women who are smokers or ex-smokers, from the age of 50. The epidemiology of lung cancer in European women is extremely worrying, with lung cancer mortality expected to surpass breast cancer mortality in most European countries. There are conflicting data as to whether women are at increased...

Image quality in whole-body MRI using the MY-RADS protocol in a prospective multi-centre multiple myeloma study

The Myeloma Response Assessment and Diagnosis System (MY-RADS) guidelines establish a standardised acquisition and analysis pipeline for whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) in patients with myeloma. This is the first study to assess image quality in a multi-centre prospective trial using MY-RADS. The cohort consisted of 121 examinations acquired across ten sites with a range of prior WB-MRI...

Preoperative prediction of clinical and pathological stages for patients with esophageal cancer using PET/CT radiomics

Preoperative stratification is critical for the management of patients with esophageal cancer (EC). To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of PET-CT-based radiomics in preoperative prediction of clinical and pathological stages for patients with EC. Histologically confirmed 100 EC patients with preoperative PET-CT images were enrolled retrospectively and randomly divided...

Higher field reduced FOV diffusion-weighted imaging for abdominal imaging at 5.0 Tesla: image quality evaluation compared with 3.0 Tesla

To evaluate the image quality of reduced field-of-view (rFOV) DWI for abdominal imaging at 5.0 Tesla (T) compared with 3.0 T. Fifteen volunteers were included into this prospective study. All the subjects underwent the 3.0 T and 5.0 T MR examinations (time interval: 2 ± 1.9 days). Free-breathing (FB), respiratory-triggered (RT), and navigator-triggered (NT) spin-echo echo-planner...

A CT-based radiomics approach to predict intra-tumoral tertiary lymphoid structures and recurrence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

To predict the tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) status and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients using preoperative CT radiomics. A total of 116 ICC patients were included (training: 86; external validation: 30). The enhanced CT images were performed for the radiomics model. The logistic regression analysis was applied for the...

Hip MRI in flexion abduction external rotation for assessment of the ischiofemoral interval in patients with hip pain—a feasibility study

To assess the feasibility of flexion-abduction-external rotation (FABER) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hip to visualize changes in the ischiofemoral interval and ability to provoke foveal excursion over the acetabular rim. IRB-approved retrospective single-center study. Patients underwent non-contrast 1.5-T hip MRI in the neutral and FABER position. Two readers measured...

Validity of a multiphase CT-based radiomics model in predicting the Leibovich risk groups for localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma: an exploratory study

To develop and validate a multiphase CT-based radiomics model for preoperative risk stratification of patients with localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). A total of 425 patients with localized ccRCC were enrolled and divided into training, validation, and external testing cohorts. Radiomics features were extracted from three-phase CT images (unenhanced, arterial, and...

MRI feature-based radiomics models to predict treatment outcome after stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases

This study aimed to extract radiomics features from MRI using machine learning (ML) algorithms and integrate them with clinical features to build response prediction models for patients with spinal metastases undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Patients with spinal metastases who were treated using SBRT at our hospital between July 2018 and April 2023 were recruited...

How to prepare for a bright future of radiology in Europe

Because artificial intelligence (AI)-powered algorithms allow automated image analysis in a growing number of diagnostic scenarios, some healthcare stakeholders have raised doubts about the future of the entire radiologic profession. Their view disregards not only the role of radiologists in the diagnostic service chain beyond reporting, but also the many multidisciplinary and...

Nerve entrapment syndromes of the lower limb: a pictorial review

Peripheral nerves of the lower limb may become entrapped at various points during their anatomical course. While clinical assessment and nerve conduction studies are the mainstay of diagnosis, there are multiple imaging options, specifically ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which offer important information about the potential cause and location of nerve...

Subchondral insufficiency fractures, subchondral insufficiency fractures with osteonecrosis, and other apparently spontaneous subchondral bone lesions of the knee—pathogenesis and diagnosis at imaging

Subchondral insufficiency fractures (SIFs) and SIFs with osteonecrosis (SIF-ONs) of the knee (previously misnamed spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK)) are bone lesions that appear without prior traumatic, tumoral, or inflammatory event. Both conditions are characterized in the early stages by epiphyseal bone marrow edema (BME)-like signal at MRI. However, while SIFs...

Radiomics in the evaluation of ovarian masses — a systematic review

The study aim was to conduct a systematic review of the literature reporting the application of radiomics to imaging techniques in patients with ovarian lesions. MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Ovid and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for relevant articles. Using PRISMA criteria, data were extracted from short-listed studies. Validity and bias were assessed...

Diagnostic error and bias in the department of radiology: a pictorial essay

Diagnostic imaging is an essential and indispensable part of medical diagnosis and treatment, and diagnostic errors or biases are also common in the department of radiology, sometimes even having a severe impact on the diagnosis and treatment of patients. There are various reasons for diagnostic errors or biases in imaging. In this review, we analyze and summarize the causes of...