Soft 2D nanoarchitectonics

NPG Asia Materials, Apr 2018

Nanoarchitectonics is a new paradigm to combine and unify nanotechnology with other sciences and technologies, such as supramolecular chemistry, self-assembly, self-organization, materials technology for manipulation of the size of material objects, and even biotechnology for hybridization with bio-components. The nanoarchitectonic concept leads to the synergistic combination of various methodologies in materials production, including atomic/molecular-level control, self-organization, and field-controlled organization. The focus of this review is on soft 2D nanoarchitectonics. Scientific views on soft 2D nanomaterials are not fully established compared with those on rigid 2D materials. Here, we collect recent examples of 2D nanoarchitectonic constructions of functional materials and systems with soft components. These examples are selected according to the following three categories on the basis of 2D spatial density and motional freedom: (i) well-packed and oriented organic 2D materials with rational design of component molecules and device applications, (ii) well-defined assemblies with 2D porous structures as 2D network materials, and (iii) 2D control of molecular machines and receptors on the basis of certain motional freedom confined in two dimensions.

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Soft 2D nanoarchitectonics

Ariga et al. NPG Asia Materials Soft 2D nanoarchitectonics Katsuhiko Ariga 0 1 Shun Watanabe 1 2 Taizo Mori 0 Jun Takeya 0 1 0 World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044 , Japan 1 Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561 , Japan 2 JST, PRESTO , 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 , Japan Nanoarchitectonics is a new paradigm to combine and unify nanotechnology with other sciences and technologies, such as supramolecular chemistry, self-assembly, self-organization, materials technology for manipulation of the size of material objects, and even biotechnology for hybridization with bio-components. The nanoarchitectonic concept leads to the synergistic combination of various methodologies in materials production, including atomic/molecularlevel control, self-organization, and field-controlled organization. The focus of this review is on soft 2D nanoarchitectonics. Scientific views on soft 2D nanomaterials are not fully established compared with those on rigid 2D materials. Here, we collect recent examples of 2D nanoarchitectonic constructions of functional materials and systems with soft components. These examples are selected according to the following three categories on the basis of 2D spatial density and motional freedom: (i) well-packed and oriented organic 2D materials with rational design of component molecules and device applications, (ii) well-defined assemblies with 2D porous structures as 2D network materials, and (iii) 2D control of molecular machines and receptors on the basis of certain motional freedom confined in two dimensions. Introduction Although various scientific disciplines have contributed to developments in functional materials, there is a common consensus concerning methodologies to create functional materials, such as (i) the design, synthesis, and functionalization of unit molecules and materials1?7 and (ii) the rational organization of synthesized units into functional architectures8?15. Regulation of nanoscale structures and their organization is crucial to synthesize functional materials. As a powerful concept for the science and technology of nanoscale objects, nanotechnology has been accepted as a novel methodology to regulate nanoscale objects. In fact, the observation and characterization of atoms, molecules, and the other nanoscale objects is realized with various techniques in nanotechnology. For example, the manipulation of nanoscale objects, including molecular machines16 and nanocars17, can be performed using ultra-sharp tip motions. Great successes and developments in fundamental and applied sciences on the nanoscale have been realized with nanotechnology18?20. However, nanotechnology is not always practical in the construction of useful-sized functional materials from nanoscale units. In this instance, other research disciplines are applied, such as supramolecular chemistry for self-assembly and self-organization, materials science for manipulation of the size of materials, and even biotechnology for hybridization with bio-components. Therefore, it is a useful to create a new paradigm to combine and unify nanotechnology with these other sciences and technologies. This new concept is referred as to nanoarchitectonics (Fig. 1). The nanoarchitectonics concept was initially proposed as a technical term in a conference title: ?1st International Symposium on Nanoarchitectonics Using Suprainteractions? in Tsukuba, Japan, in 2000 by Masakazu Aono21,22 and is now accepted by various studies from basic sciences to applied environmental and biomedical fields23?29. The nanoarchitectonics concept leads to the synergistic combination of various methodologies in materials production, including atomic/molecular-level control, selforganization, and field-controlled organization30,31. However, nanoscale material production and structure fabrication are fundamentally different from those on the microscale and macroscale. On the latter scales, the strength of interactions (size of interaction envelope) between construction components is large enough to avoid influence from the surrounding environment32. Therefore, structures can be precisely obtained according to the intended design in microscopic and macroscopic architectonics. In contrast, this precise design-construction strategy is not always applicable to objects on the nanoscale, because the strength of their interactions is not usually large enough to effectively avoid external disturbances. Various uncontrollable factors, such as thermal fluctuations, static distributions, and certain quantum effects, may have nonnegligible influences on the architecting processes of nanoscale components under ambient conditions. In the latter cases, the harmonization of various factors may be a more approp (...truncated)


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Katsuhiko Ariga, Shun Watanabe, Taizo Mori, Jun Takeya. Soft 2D nanoarchitectonics, NPG Asia Materials, 2018, pp. 90-106, Issue: 10, DOI: 10.1038/s41427-018-0022-9