Attitudes towards body weight dissatisfaction associated with adolescents’ perceived health and sleep (PeNSE 2015)

DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020254.19222018 Insatisfação e atitudes relativas ao peso corporal associada à percepção de saúde e ao sono em adolescentes (PeNSE 2015) Thiago de Sousa Matias (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0241-3776) 1 Kelly Samara da Silva (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1680) 1 Giovani Firpo Del Duca (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0893-2032) 1 Cecília Bertuol (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1277-775X) 1 Marcus Vinicius Veber Lopes (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7968-5211) 1 Markus Vinícius Nahas (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4378-4031) 1 1 Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brazil. thiagosousamatias@ gmail.com Abstract This study aimed to investigate whether attitudes towards body weight dissatisfaction is associated with perceived health and impairments in sleep among a national population-based sample of Brazilian adolescents. This is a cross-sectional data from the 2015 National School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE). A total of 100.182 students (70.8% were between 14 to 15) in ninthgrade, enrolled in public and private schools were eligible for data analysis. Variables were measured using a questionnaire and binary logistic regression was used. There was association between attitudes towards body weight dissatisfaction and perceived health (not controlling weight = OR: 2.19, 95%CI: 2.00-2.40; trying to lose = OR: 1.90, 95%CI: 1.75-2.05; gain = OR: 2.22, 95%CI: 2.012.46; maintain = OR: 1.81, 95%CI: 1.54-2.14). Adolescents were also more likely to present impairments in sleep (not controlling weight = OR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.11-1.32; trying to lose = OR: 1.16, 95%CI: 1.08-1.25; gain = OR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.281.61; maintain = OR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.22-2.68). Dissatisfaction is an additional concern in the daily life of adolescents, which is associated to depreciation of the quality of sleep and decrement of psychological well-being. Key words Body Image, Adolescent, Mental Health, Sleep, Cross-Sectional Studies Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar se as atitudes em relação à insatisfação com o peso corporal (PC) estão associadas à saúde percebida e ao comprometimento do sono em uma amostra de base populacional de estudantes brasileiros. A Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar possui delineamento transversal e foram elegíveis para as análises 100.182 estudantes do nono ano. Foi utilizado regressão logística binária para analisar a associação entre as variáveis investigadas, obtidas por meio de questionário. Houve associação entre as atitudes em relação à insatisfação com o PC e a saúde percebida, indicando que aqueles insatisfeitos com o PC apresentaram maior OR para a percepção negativa de saúde (não controlando o peso = OR: 2,19, IC95%: 2,00-2,40, tentando perder = OR: 1,90, IC95%: 1,75-2,05; ganhar = OR: 2,22, IC95%: 2,01-2,46; manter = OR: 1,81, IC95%: 1,54-2,14) e para o comprometimento do sono (não controlando o peso = OR: 1,21, IC95%: 1,11-1,32; tentando perder = OR: 1,16, IC95%: 1,08-1,25; ganhar = OR: 1,43,95 % CI: 1,28-1,61; manter = OR: 1,43, IC95%: 1,22-1,68) em relação àqueles satisfeitos com o PC. A insatisfação é uma preocupação adicional na vida diária dos adolescentes, que está associada à depreciação da qualidade do sono e à diminuição do bem-estar psicológico. Palavras-chave Imagem Corporal, Adolescente, Saúde Mental, Sono, Estudos Transversais temas livres free themes Attitudes towards body weight dissatisfaction associated with adolescents’ perceived health and sleep (PeNSE 2015) 1483 Matias TS et al. 1484 Introduction Adolescence is characterized by a period in which many changes occur, considering that the person undergoes many biological and psychosocial adjustments, such as alterations in body proportion and body image distortion1,2. As a consequence, an increase in the levels of stress and reduced sleep quality due to poor psychological status is observed3-6. Psychological health-related difficulties have been observed in the literature as a consequence of the exposure to a set of psychological concerns, such as body dissatisfaction7. It is observed that adolescents experience high levels of dissatisfaction with body weight1,8, signaling important health risks for this population9. Body dissatisfaction seems to be common and persistent and imposes health-related risks to both genders4,5,10. The emphasis on physical appearance and the way that the individual visualizes his or her own weight (negative perception) is associated with psychological concerns7. This negative perception appears as the adolescent is non-compliant to socially valued beauty standards, which results in maladaptive outcomes1,11. On the other hand, it is observed that these concerns do not seem to represent motivational incentives to adopt positive health behaviors in daily life; rather, it is suggested that high levels of dissatisfaction are related to poorer health status12,13, such as impaired sleep3,14. Although the lack of evidence of this relationship, it is considered that in adolescence, body dissatisfaction reverberates with high degrees of psychological activation, impairing the quality of sleep3,6. It is suggested that social exposure to models of “ideal bodies” further adds concerns among adolescents, thus impairing sleep15,16. Therefore, identifying adolescents’ exposure factors that detract psychological health constitutes an important public health strategy. It is important to consider that body weight dissatisfaction in adolescence manifests itself in the sense of different attitudes towards as wanting to lose or increase body weight1,2,8,17. However, associations between body weight dissatisfaction and psychological variables have been broadly evaluated without considering these factors5,18. It is important to consider the current demands for investigations on the health-related risks for body weight dissatisfaction by increasing weight, considering that this has been underexplored in the literature5. Specifically, the present study aimed to investigate whether attitudes towards body weight dissatisfaction is associated with perceived health, and impairments in sleep among a national population-based sample of Brazilian adolescents. Methods Design and Participants The survey “National School-based Health Survey (PeNSE)” presents national wide and school-based epidemiological characteristics with a repeated cross-sectional delimitation. The study is part of the Brazilian Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases and was developed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. The study has been conducted with a partnership between Health Surveillance Secretariat of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, WHO, the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States (CDC/USA), which allows broader comparability with international surveys. The PeNS (...truncated)