ABOUT A SOCIAL ENTERPRISE...

International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences № 1(9)2019 Tomasz Gardziński MA, Collegium of Business Administration, Warsaw School of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Lazarski University (Warsaw, Poland) * Corresponding author: e-mail: ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8491-187X ABOUT A SOCIAL ENTERPRISE... O PRZEDSIĘBIORSTWIE SPOŁECZNYM… Abstract A social enterprise is an innovative phenomenon in which every day entrepreneurial problems are solved by an entrepreneurial initiative of cooperating individuals. Especially in regions with large social and human capital, among communities with high trust, sensitivity and a sense of common social purpose in business, people discover that together we can do more, especially in our small homelands that constitute the microcosm of economic life. The aim of the article is to show that in the era of rapid technological progress, social innovations are a boundary condition for the survival of not only social enterprises, but also commercial ones, which to a smaller or larger extent also realize or can achieve social goals. Keywords: Social innovations, social enterprise, social economy, social market economy, ordoliberalism Streszczenie Przedsiębiorstwo społeczne to samo w sobie innowacyjnie zjawisko, kiedy codzienne ludzkie problemy oddolnie rozwiązuje przedsiębiorcza inicjatywa kooperujących jednostek. Szczególnie w rejonach o dużym kapitale społecznym i ludzkim, wśród społeczności o dużym zaufaniu, wrażliwości i poczuciu wspólnego celu społecznego w działalności gospodarczej, ludzie odkrywają coś znanego na nowo, a mianowicie, że razem można więcej, szczególnie w naszych małych ojczyznach stanowiących mikrokosmos życia ekonomicznego. Celem artykułu jest unaocznienie czytelnikom, że w dobie gwałtownego postępu technologicznego, innowacje społeczne są warunkiem brzegowym trwania nie tylko przedsiębiorstw społecznych, ale również tych komercyjnych, które w mniejszym lub większym stopniu również realizują lub mogą realizować cele społeczne! Słowa kluczowe: Innowacje społeczne, przedsiębiorstwo społeczne, gospodarka społeczna, społeczna gospodarka rynkowa, ordoliberalizm _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ISSN 2450-2146 / E-ISSN 2451-1064 © 2019 /Published by: Międzynarodowy Instytut Innowacji Nauka-Edukacja-Rozwój w Warszawie, Polska This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) Gardziński T., (2019) About a Social Enterprise.... International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences,1 (9) 2019: 443-453 DOI 10.5604/01.3001.0013.3061 443 International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences № 1(9)2019 Article history: Received: 31.05.2019 / Accepted: 17.06.2019 / Published: 26.06.2019 JEL Classification: L 31 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Statement of the problem in general outlook and its connection with important scientific and practical tasks. A potential entrepreneur, an average employee, an official, a politician or even a scientist may not know that the company's main goal does not have to be to maximize profits. Therefore, the social enterprise is a subject that deserves to be popularized and discussed not only in the scientific community, but above all among business practitioners and decision makers at the state level. Although, as an idea, it is nothing new, but it can be considered as an innovative phenomenon, humanizing contemporary economy. A social enterprise is an entity of the social economy. The social economy is a new tool for socio-economic development at the local level, complementary to the private and public sectors. Social economy institutions, such as civic organizations and cooperatives, contribute to the creation of new services and new jobs as part of projects combining economic and social aspects of civic activity (Forest 2006, p. 5). When writing about social economy entities, one should remember that the social economy cannot be identified with the social market economy (More about the differences between the social economy and the social market economy: "Social Enterprise" (Florczak 2009, p. 35-41) or in the article: "A social enterprise as an opportunity to solve regional problems" (Gardziński 2016, p. 26-30)) based on ordoliberalism and its constitutional and regulatory principles shaping a particular economic order. This economic order is a stable form and framework conditions for the course of the management process, defining the applicable rules of the economic game within which the state, enterprises, households and individuals make decisions and implement economic activities (Pysz 2008, p. 37.) J. Defourny and P. Develtere defines the social economy as covering all kinds of economic activities carried out by enterprises, mainly cooperatives, associations and mutual benefit societies, which in their ethical standards adhere to the following principles: 1) preferring service for members or community over profit, 2) autonomous management, 3 ) democratic decision-making process, 4) the primacy of people and work on capital in the distribution of income (2008, p. 25). The current popularity of the social economy is part of a wider process of moving from the model of the welfare state to the welfare society (Frączak, Wygnański, 2008, pp. 16-17). The initiation of this process should be seen in the displacement of the welfare state by the neoliberal paradigm during the last decades of the 20th century. In J. Hausner's opinion, the contemporary shift towards the social economy is a reaction to the crisis of the welfare state. It is a rule that, where the "welfare state" has grown, and thus public social security systems have become popular, traditional institutions have weakened and disappeared (...) In extreme cases of the nationalization of the economy and social life (fascism, communism), these institutions fundamentally change their character: they become part of the state organism (2008, p. 214). ISSN 2450-2146 / E-ISSN 2451-1064 © 2019 /Published by: Międzynarodowy Instytut Innowacji Nauka-Edukacja-Rozwój w Warszawie, Polska This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) Gardziński T., (2019) About a Social Enterprise.... International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences,1 (9) 2019: 443-453 DOI 10.5604/01.3001.0013.3061 444 International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences № 1(9)2019 Analysis of latest research where the solution of the problem was initiated The traditional social economy from which co-operatives, the idea of associations, foundations or mutual societies originates, has a long tradition in Poland. It should be noted, however, that Poland has never developed economically enough to be called a welfare state because of the socia (...truncated)