Development of Microcapsules of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Grape Pomace of Ciravas Agra

AMPLITUDO 4(1) (2025) AMPLITUDO: Journal of Science & Technology Inovation https://journals.balaipublikasi.id Development of Microcapsules of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Grape Pomace of Ciravas Agra Muhammad Hamza Afzal1*, Liudmila Nadtochii1 1 Department of Biotechnology, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia. Received: December 17, 2024 Revised: January 11, 2025 Accepted: February 21 2025 Published: February 28, 2025 Corresponding Author: Muhammad Hamza Afzal DOI: 10.56566/amplitudo.v4i1.311 © 2025 The Authors. This open access article is distributed under a (CC-BY License) Abstract: Grape pomace is a prominent byproduct of winemaking, which provides bioactive phytochemicals such as polyphenols, conferring health benefits to humans, including anticancer properties. Delivering bioactive compounds extracted from grape pomace as microcapsules offers a sustainable and effective solution for developing tailored leukemia therapies. This approach highlights integrating environmentally friendly practices with medical innovation, mainly through the valorization of grape pomace, a byproduct of winemaking. For this purpose, the study uses ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to optimize the extraction of these bioactive compounds. It evaluates how temperature and time affect antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The results indicated that 60 minutes was optimal for the extraction yield of UAE with appreciable antioxidants (73.2 ± 1.5%) and total phenolic content (75.3 ± 2.1 mg GAE/g) compared to other methods studied here. Molecular docking analysis further revealed strong interactions between anthocyanins, particularly delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, and proteins associated with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), suggesting potential therapeutic applications. The present study offers a new perspective on the importance of grape pomace as an eco-friendly source of bioactive molecules in line with green chemistry ethics that may find applications in pharmaceuticals or nutraceutical sectors. Keywords: Bioactive compounds; Grape Pomace; Cancer; Ultra-Sound Assisted Extraction; Microencapsulation; Wine; Grape Juice; Valorization; Leukemia; Phenolic Compounds; Phenols. Introduction Currently, the wine industry produces about 20 million tons of grape byproducts yearly, of which the most frequent byproduct is grape pomace that comprises skins, stems, seeds, and pulp residue (FerrerGallego & Silva, 2022). The management of this waste entails serious implications as far as the environment is concerned in regards to environmental approach according to Siller-Sánchez et al., 2024. The grape pomace contains bioactive compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanin with several health promoting effects (Almanza-Oliveros et al., 2024). These bioactive compounds are supplied with antioxidants, anticancer, and antimicrobial effects (Caponio, 2023). Remarkably, these bioactive compounds are also present in the grape pomace and have an appropriate therapeutic potential for treating various malignant diseases such as cancer (Asma et al., 2022). The secondary metabolites contained in the grape pomace have anti mutagenic effects due to; apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the cancer cells (Asma et al., 2022). It has been identified that some of these extracts are capable of selectively affecting the cancer cells and inhibiting their proliferation. Nevertheless, they do this without affecting the functionality of normal cells in a negative manner. This is why they are regarded to be more efficient than traditional treatments aimed at cancer that had numerous side effects (Subramaniam et ___________ How to Cite: Afzal, M. H., & Nadtochii, L. (2025). Development of Microcapsules of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Grape Pomace of Ciravas Agra. AMPLITUDO: Journal of Science and Technology Innovation, 4(1), 14–19. https://doi.org/10.56566/amplitudo.v4i1.311 AMPLITUDO: Journal of Science & Technology Innovation al., 2019). In the following current research study, extraction of bioactive compounds from Ciravas Agra grape pomace is carried out and the current study also explores the molecular interaction of the identified compounds with proteins associated with APL and CML. APL is one of the subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia that is caused by chromosomes 15/17 translocation (De Almeida et al., 2023). When these types of treatment such as ATRA, chemotherapy, and arsenic trioxide are employed; the cure rates are high (Yilmaz et al., 2021). However, early intervention is needed because of high risks of bleeding as indicated in studies by Alimoghaddam (2014). CML has a Philadelphia chromosome, a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, producing the BCR-ABL fusion gene( Khalid & Riasat, 2023). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are highly effective -Imatinib Dasatinib and Nilotinib can bring uninterrupted remission and the average life expectancy proving that if the client follows the doctor's orders( Yoshida et al., 2023). However, new treatment options are still needed due to the existence of drug resistance, side effects, and patients' desire for a definitive cure February 2025, Volume 4, Issue 1, 14-19 (Alves et al., 2021). This paper will concentrate on the Ciravas Agra grape variety identified in the far eastern portion of the Russian Federation; little investigation has been done on the bioactive profile of this grape variety (JKI, 2024). Method In Vitro Analysis: This study used the Ultra-Sound Assisted Extraction (UAE) technique to extract bioactive compounds from Ciravas Agra grape pomace; the method was selected because of the high efficiency it offers in the extraction process(Kumar et al., 2020). The extraction process involved change in temperature 30, 40, 50 and 60°C and time intervals of 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes where DPPH assay used for radical scavenging activity (Baliyan et al., 2022). Total phenolic content was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method (Siddiqui et al., 2017). As shown in Table 1 below, a research matrix has been created to determine the effects of time and temperature on the UAE. Table 1. Research Matrix Sample Zero = Z 1 (X-2: Y-2) 2 (X+2: Y+2) 3 (X: Y-2) 4 (X-2: Y) 5 (X+2: Y) 6 (X: Y+2) 7 (X-2: Y+2) 8 (X+2: Y-2) Power 100 Watts 100 Watts 100 Watts 100 Watts 100 Watts 100 Watts 100 Watts 100 Watts 100 Watts In Silico Analysis: The molecular docking analysis was carried out for the in silico investigation of the potential mode of interaction of the bioactive compounds with the target proteins in APL and CML (de Almeida et al., 2023). This research provided a grape bioactive compounds list, anthocyanins, catechins, quercetin, gallic acid, and resveratrol (Sabra et al., 2021). The structures of target proteins (Abl1, Akt1, Cdks, Flat, Il-18, Mapkapk1, Mapkapk3, Mapk14, Myc) have been downloaded from the protein databank (PDB) (RCSB et al. Bank, 2024). In the present study, mole (...truncated)