Prevalence and molecular characterization of Hepatitis B in HIV infected individuals in Botswana
BMC Infectious Diseases ,
May 2014
Motswedi Anderson , Simani Gaseitsiwe , Sikhulile Moyo , Terence Mohammed , Theresa K Sebunya , Jason Blackard , Joseph Makhema , Max Essex , Rosemary Musonda
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Prevalence and molecular characterization of Hepatitis B in HIV infected individuals in Botswana
Anderson et al. BMC Infectious Diseases
Prevalence and molecular characterization of Hepatitis B in HIV infected individuals in Botswana
Motswedi Anderson 2
Simani Gaseitsiwe 2
Sikhulile Moyo 2
Terence Mohammed 2
Theresa K Sebunya 1
Jason Blackard 0
Joseph Makhema 2
Max Essex 2 3
Rosemary Musonda 2
0 University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , USA
1 University of Botswana, Department of Biological Sciences , Gaborone , Botswana
2 Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership , Gaborone , Botswana
3 Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases , Boston , USA
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From International Symposium HIV and Emerging Infectious Diseases 2014
Marseille, France. 21-23 May 2013
Introduction
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a major coinfection in HIV
infected patients and it has emerged as an important
cause of morbidity and mortality in this group since the
start of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART).
HIV/HBV coinfection prevalence varies by geographic
region even within the same country. In Botswana the
coinfection prevalence data is very sparse and what is
reported varies. Ten HBV genotypes with some
subgenotypes have been described differing by geographic
distribution, course of disease, response to treatment and
development of mutations. Even though data have shown
that genotypes are predictive of disease outcome, the
circulating HBV genotypes in Botswana remains unknown.
Therefore this study aims at determining the HIV\HBV
coinfection prevalence rate and the circulating HBV
genotypes in Botswana.
Materials and methods
This is a retrospective cross sectional study of HIV
individuals initiating HAART. Hepatitis B surface antigen
(HBsAg) was screened for in 300 baseline samples and
those which were positive were also screened for HBeAg.
For the HbsAg positive a 415 bp fragment of the HBV
polymerase gene was sequenced using Big Dye sequencing
chemistry and the sequences were analyzed for genotypes
and mutations.
that were successfully genotyped, genotype A was found
in 23 (85.2%), 22 subgenotype A1 and 1 subgenotypeA2,
genotype D subgenotype D3 made up the remaining 4
(14.8%). Known escape mutations were found in 12
(44.4%) with the most common one being N131N found
in 8(29.6%) of the participants. The other escape
mutations were R122K, T123A, Q129R, G130N, M133T and
F134V.No drug resistance mutations were detected.
Conclusion
The HIV/HBV prevalence is consistent with what has
been reported in the country. The predominant genotype
in this cohort is A1 and its consistent with findings from
the region. Escape mutations previously associated with
failure of HBsAg detection and vaccine or
immunogloblin therapy were found in a significant number of
participants. No known drug resistance mutations were found
in the cohort.
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Motswedi Anderson, Simani Gaseitsiwe, Sikhulile Moyo, Terence Mohammed, Theresa K Sebunya, Jason Blackard, Joseph Makhema, Max Essex, Rosemary Musonda.
Prevalence and molecular characterization of Hepatitis B in HIV infected individuals in Botswana ,
BMC Infectious Diseases,
2014, pp. P86, 14,