Probing the two-scale-factor universality hypothesis by exact rotation symmetry-breaking mechanism

The European Physical Journal C, Dec 2017

We probe the two-scale-factor universality hypothesis by evaluating, firstly explicitly and analytically at the one-loop order, the loop quantum corrections to the amplitude ratios for O(N) $$\lambda \phi ^{4}$$ scalar field theories with rotation symmetry breaking in three distinct and independent methods in which the rotation symmetry-breaking mechanism is treated exactly. We show that the rotation symmetry-breaking amplitude ratios turn out to be identical in the three methods and equal to their respective rotation symmetry-breaking ones, although the amplitudes themselves, in general, depend on the method employed and on the rotation symmetry-breaking parameter. At the end, we show that all these results can be generalized, through an inductive process based on a general theorem emerging from the exact calculation, to any loop level and physically interpreted based on symmetry ideas.

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J. F. S. Neto, K. A. L. Lima, P. R. S. Carvalho, M. I. Sena-Junior. Probing the two-scale-factor universality hypothesis by exact rotation symmetry-breaking mechanism, The European Physical Journal C, 2017, 839, DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5427-z