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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected workers’, especially women’s, ability to combine their paid work and care obligations in an unprecedented way. However, it has also raised the political relevance ... also raised the political relevance of the work-life balance issue. The moment is timely as the Work-life Balance Directive adopted by the European Union (EU) in 2019 comes to its implementation deadline
political agenda and the EU aspires to have a leading role in the efforts to deal with global warming. Along with EU climate action, the number of climate-related court cases on the European landscape, both ... relating to climate litigation. Climate change; Climate litigation; Human rights; National courts 1 Introduction Climate crisis has emerged as an increasingly salient issue on the global political agenda
discussed as pure economics replaces political economy in the Interwar period, with the 1938 Paris Congress of “liberal thinkers,” as the Vienna Circle became known, also comparing issues in philosophy. The ... reason for such a situation? Criticisms of classical political economy have to be understood in their French context. In comparison to other countries, this paper details the case of France, besides
discussed as pure economics replaces political economy in the Interwar period, with the 1938 Paris Congress of “liberal thinkers,” as the Vienna Circle became known, also comparing issues in philosophy. The ... reason for such a situation? Criticisms of classical political economy have to be understood in their French context. In comparison to other countries, this paper details the case of France, besides
parliaments are peripheral within the EU Polity, and that EU legislation lacks legitimacy amongst its citizens. Protocols 1 and 2 of the Treaty of Lisbon promote a horizontal political dialogue between national ... other ‘softer’ ways with national parliaments taking greater control of their political responsibilities. By changing their modus operandi for both policy and legislative scrutiny, partly in response to
annual general meetings being better implemented (in Italy), of legislation being amended with temporary rules (in Germany) and of political momentum being used to bring about fundamental changes (in
for appropriate market infrastructure. This also implied that if Russia's political and economic system had more than one competing hierarchy, the objective of the elites would not have entailed long ... state involvement in Russia?s economy during the last century summarized in Table 1. In period 1 the otherwise revo2003). Recently emerged political party competition, which thrived under Putin?s
November 2022, there were 7.111 staff members employed in the Secretariat, 1.110 in political groups and 2.059 as accredited parliamentary assistants. 2Regulation No 31 (EEC), 11 (EAEC), laying down the ... established by its Bureau, as they have the utmost relevance to the work of the Secretariat and refer specifically to the internal life of the institution. The Bureau is Parliament’s highest political body
discussion of political issues.27 In recognition of their public watchdog role, this heightened level of protection has been extended to human rights defenders,28 academics,29 NGOs, and whistle-blowers.30
more flexible. The legislative history55 shows that these exceptions were necessary in order to reach political consensus on the adoption of the Directive. For that reason, the exceptions can be seen as ... Agency Labour: Back to Square One?” Industrial Law Journal (2002/2); Zappala, “The Temporary Agency Workers’ Directive: An Impossible Political Agreement?” Industrial Law Journal (2003/4). 56Davies, op
The author highlights the relevance of comparative law in the specific context of political accountability and the rule of law. He first presents different national features to deal with, or prevent ... , political scandals - free access to information, criminal prosecution, the use of ad-hoc tribunals, and a powerful constitutional court. He goes on to compare the notions of rule of law and Rechtsstaat in the
Central Asia consists of five culturally and ethnically diverse countries that have followed different paths to political and economic transformation in the past 25 years since achieving independence ... adoption of a broad spectrum of economic, institutional and political reforms. The major obstacles to political reform and structural diversification in the five Central Asian economies are internal and
Dissemination and adoption of Western economic ideas in Russia have never been a simple process, always bearing marks of the socio-political and ideological circumstances of the country and inner ... economists writing on the New Austrian school were interested either in the philosophy of Hayek (N. Makasheva (1989) ) or Mises-style political pamphlets and advice (B. Pinsker, L. Piyasheva), or both (R
Dissemination and adoption of Western economic ideas in Russia have never been a simple process, always bearing marks of the socio-political and ideological circumstances of the country and inner ... either in the philosophy of Hayek (N. Makasheva (1989) ) or Mises-style political pamphlets and advice (B. Pinsker, L. Piyasheva), or both (R. Kapeliushnikov, Yu. Kochevrin, and A. Zaostrovtsev). We
Removing obstacles to e-commerce in the Single Market and ensuring effective taxation in the context of the digital economy has been high on the political agenda both in the European Union and beyond
comments. days, the term is best understood as what has been termed an ‘essentially contested concept’ in the philosophy of language;2 an attractive term that is frequently and enthusiastically used, but one ... without a common understanding of its precise meaning. Nevertheless, the embrace of ‘strategic autonomy’ in the wider political discourse does signify a sincere recognition of certain key vulnerabilities
their political and economic impact in international affairs. For the most part, the EU is perceived as being at the cutting edge of environmental pledges, supporting environmental protection in its
Economic growth is a primary challenge of the political agenda of leading countries, including Russia. This study discusses existing hypotheses that are related to “secular stagnation” and the ... prevents “creative destruction” (political factors), and the irrelevance of the GDP measurement (statistical problems). Limits to growth contribute to a new global policy trend and the emerging of populism
design of national health policy is based on a variety of factors, some of which have evolved historically, and reflects different socio-political decisions with regard to health protection. Despite ... relevant events or were not coordinated at all.88 Whether this was due to time constraints or political motives is relevant to the question of a further transfer of competence to the EU – but irrelevant with
military spending is determined by a cohort of economic, strategic and political factors. This paper estimates a demand function for Russian military expenditure for the period 1992–2015. The results ... ), such as the ideological and political leanings of the incumbent government, so that: Security (S ) is a function of military expenditure (M ), i.e. the costs of resources needed in order to produce
