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( - Epidemiology is not philosophy, and (most) epidemiologists are not philosophers. Despite this, epidemiologists write and think about causation, a central topic in the philosophy of science. Remarkably, the ... neutral and do not themselves tell whether the association is causal or not. Justifying causality therefore requires additional arguments that go beyond quantitative associations. In his book Philosophy of
Table 1), which includes all the social, legal, and political structures that affect decision processes (Lockwood This list is intended to illustrate the multi-scale, inter-jurisdictional governance ... comparable to the time scales commonly considered by many Indigenous peoples (e.g., the Seventh-Generation philosophy, where decisions should be made today that will sustain food and medicine for the next
Philosophy Geosciences, Florida International University Dessu SB , Melesse AM ( 2012 ) Impact and uncertainties of climate change on the hydrology of the Mara River basin , Kenya/Tanzania. Hydrol Process 27
accepted goal to increase burnings with retention appears difficult to achieve and would require stronger political will and economic support from the government. We identified several actions that could ... targets are under political steering. KeywordsBiodiversity Conservation areas Fire-dependent species Forest certification Red-listed species Restoration burnings Abbreviations FSC Forest Stewardship
and other species, to be sensitive to smaller scale examples of change, to be more likely to see climate change as part of a broader time scale, and to link changes to a greater suite of socio-political ... sociocultural context of those data. By contrast, Indigenous peoples often understand the nature and significance of their knowledges within political, environmental, cultural, and social systems that differ
The contentious political climate surrounding air pollution regulations has brought some researchers and policy-makers to argue that evidence of causality is necessary before implementing more ... . Keywords: air pollution, causal inference, causality, design decisions, study design THE RECENT POLITICAL LANDSCAPE SURROUNDING AIR POLLUTION REGULATORY ACTIONS Evidence from air pollution epidemiology
accompanied by a dramatic societal change in the most recent decade, which has featured privatization and the democratic transition in the political sphere in 2011. Myanmar initiated economic liberalization in ... city in Myanmar, Yangon has been the epicenter of the nation’s socioeconomic and political transformations. However, due to the country’s isolation and the lack of data accessible to foreign scholars
“unnatural”, unusual, or dreaded outcomes; vaccine resistance as part of a social and political identity; and the tendency for moral panics to occur around women’s reproductive capacity. On this and other
and Britain. Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Nguyen TV , Mitlöhner R , Bich NV , Do TV ( 2015 ) Environmental factors affecting the abundance and
foundations of the research area (e.g., timber forestry) in the philosophy of science because humannature relationships differ among environmental ethics which can be used simultaneously. Further, it should be ... necessary to acknowledge that forests and forestry practices are facing unprecedented biological, political, social, and climatic challenges since they involve complex social-environmental systems which are
located in central China (Fig. 1). Wuhan is the political, economic, and cultural center of Hubei Province and is also the only sub-provincial city in Central China. The city has jurisdiction over thirteen
); Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology, and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Miles Welstead, Janie Corley, Ian J. Deary, Paul
Carles Muntaner ) causality; epistemology; global health; history of epidemiology; philosophy of science; race; social class; social epidemiology - In their article Six Paths for the Future of ... production and commerce of firearms), political (i.e., the laws that regulate fire arm access), and cultural (i.e., the social acceptability of problem solving via violence) relations (2). According to Galea
Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy 11Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy Find articles by Alessia Melegaro Alessandra Piatti 2 Directorate General ... Political Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy 12Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA 13Laboratory for the Modeling of
, philosophical, scientific, and political currents of thought that were representative of Western and, specifically, French tradition. Results We used the heated debate over pigeons (Columba livia) as pests as a ... species (Blechman 2006). We propose a new approach to this problem through the analysis of ecological, social, economic, and political relations, as well as power geometries, underlying this problem (Heynen
versed in Adi dialects, customs and socio-political systems. After 3 years of initial participatory work, the first author (RKS) developed a good understanding of local dialects enabling direct contact ... -cultural (fishing and hunting), economic (timber and non-timber forest products extractions), socio-political (type of ownership) and livelihood-oriented (agriculture related) aspects. Based on these
states. In recent years, however, global health issues have risen to the highest levels of international politics and have become accepted as legitimate issues in foreign policy. This elevated political ... aspects of foreign policy than ever before. Fidler calls this a “revolution” in the political status of global health, noting that “nothing in the prior history of national and international efforts on
regions, the political decision-making process and also transdisciplinary stakeholder interactions. ... interactions and feedbacks among ecological, social, economic and political processes, EGS studies have, historically, had little impact on policy processes and real decision-making (Daily et al. 2009; Carpenter
dissimilar with respect to economic institutions, social conditions, and political environment. We suggest that there are several plausible mechanisms to explain higher suicide rates among later-born children ... , social conditions, and political environment. We also give suggestions for future research and discuss some policy implications. Numerous studies have found a negative association between a higher birth
, prevention-based philosophy steers its practice. In a number of universities, epidemiology is taught today as a research discipline rather than as an operational, problem-solving one. In conclusion, this