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exacerbated inequality with ambiguous effects on efficiency. Finally, we outline the potential for future reforms and conclude that political conditions are more likely to instigate major change than economic ... over fundamental reforms. Our discussion in this paper shows that this preference is often the result of political considerations rather than a thorough analysis of what may be good policy aimed to
scholarship and political science. The papers in this issue ask a range of research and policy questions about the way governments tax the rich. How can we measure the effective tax rates on the incomes and/or ... society as a whole, and which possible reforms in this area are feasible from an economic, political, and legal perspective. Demands to tax the rich (more) rest on the perception of rising inequality. In
With more individuals forcibly displaced than any time since the Second World War, forced displacement has emerged as one of the defining political and humanitarian issues of the twenty-first century ... leadership to elevate new capabilities and approaches, which has been difficult given institutional status quo. Lastly, establishing innovation units within large institutions has proven a political challenge
wealth can lead to a concentration of economic and political power. However, the externalities can also be positive if only the very wealthy have the means to undertake large and risky projects that are ... . Liquidity problems are the main reason why many durable goods, such as art and antiques, have historically been exempt from wealth taxation. Key to the economic and political feasibility of wealth taxes is
What are the roles of the European Union (EU)’s main institutions in common trade policy? To address this question, this study uses a political-economic approach. The positions of the European ... previous studies which use a political-economic approach to analyze the EU's external relations with developing countries, this article makes a contribution to EU trade policy literature by combining a
many motivations for (not) resettling refugees: humanitarian, economic, or political. The goal of an improved resettlement system is to obey the quotas set by countries, though there is a necessary ... smaller hosting capacities (either due to infrastructure or finance constraints or due to political willingness) than countries, so the refugee–community problem is best modelled as one of integer
is that many political decisions, not least about tax policy and redistribution, are taken at the country level, and that there may be a feedback loop between within-country inequality and political ... decision-making. By the same argument, since the Swiss cantons have a large degree of political autonomy, studying the evolution and determinants of wealth inequality at the sub-national level is equally
Prediction of financial time series is a great challenge for statistical models. In general, the stock market times series present high volatility due to its sensitivity to economic and political
efficient three-term conjugate gradient method by utilizing the DFP update for the inverse Hessian approximation which satisfies both the sufficient descent and the conjugacy conditions. The basic philosophy
indiscriminate shelling of civilian areas of the Donbas, human rights violations and abuses in the Crimea targeted Ukrainian political activists and the Crimean Tatar minority. Thus, investigating, comparing, and ... , destination-specific data are obtained on the distance from the origin location, the political views of the destination, the GDP of the destination, its population size, ethno-linguistic composition, and the
, political privacy and information privacy [ 7 ]. Among them, medical privacy comes from a wide range of sources and complex types of medical data, mainly including information that patients do not want to
Oil, natural gas and coal, which are the primary energy sources in the Middle East - whose majority, in general, are experiencing political instability, are rapidly depleting. High dependence on
emission standards showed that the convergence of environmental standards in a particular sector can be driven by the existence of large consumer markets with ‘green’ preferences, the political power of ... ‘green’ countries, the leadership and preferences of largest producers, the internal political support, and the institutional structure and rules of the trade regime (Dietrich, 1996). The trade regime
manage risk and improves bidding incentives in the spot market. There are important differences in electricity markets around the world, reflecting different economic and political settings. Electricity
forecast performance is expected, even with the occurrence of events outside the scope, like important political developments. The expected results of this study, other than being an immense contribution to ... times when there are no extraordinary rises and drops in prices and political occurrences. Siddiqui and Abdullah (2015) tried to predict the ?CNX Nifty 500?. They used USD-INR exchange rate, crude oil
market flexibility. Underemployment’s association with lower job satisfaction and pay is widespread. Yet in most countries there are external benefits (social trust, volunteering, and political efficacy ... the effects of higher education on three indicators of external benefit: social trust, civic participation, and political efficacy.8 Table 3 summarizes the relative differences between matched and
problems in this era. TopicSkech [ 23 ] deals with this problem on Twitter. Similarly, PoliTwi [ 24 ], also has been proposed for early detection of emerging political events. Other approaches use ... ( 8 ): 2216 - 2229 24. Rill S , Reinel D , Scheidt J , Zicari RV ( 2014 ) Politwi: Early detection of emerging political topics on twitter and the impact on concept-level sentiment analysis . Knowl
29,131 deaths [ 10 ]. Due to cultural, political, socioeconomic, and environmental differences, it is more important than ever for people worldwide to work together to reduce the adverse effects [ 11
cent in the tax paid by this group. I. Introduction Political debates around taxation of the rich tend to focus on the ‘headline’ rates of the taxes that are most salient with the public—in
untrustworthy in their political and/or economic behaviour, and perhaps also as facilitating remittances often important in lower-income countries.29 In absolute terms, however, the US has the largest crypto
