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not only the methods of verification of data but also clearly and distinctly how it can be falsified. In the philosophy of science, the theory is more likely to be accepted as scientific if it can ... institutional affiliations. 1. Samples DC , Bartanusz V , Re: Hakan T ( 2022 ) Philosophy of science and black swan . Childs Nerv Syst 38 : 1655 - 1657 . https://doi.org/10. 1007/s00381-022-05813-z. Epub ahead
Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Campus College of Medicine, University of Colorado , Aurora, CO , USA We read with great interest the Editorial Cover on the philosophy of science, and we enthusiastically endorse ... competing interests. Declarations Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 1. Hakan T ( 2022 ) Philosophy of
craft scientific hypotheses to achieve their purpose. The philosophy of science studies the observational and/or experimental sciences; it analyzes their procedures and observations to produce a logical ... web site]. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-ofWestern- Australia#ref712065. Accessed 15 Nov 2020 Hakan T ( 2020 ) A brief look from the neurosurgical perspective into the philosophy
human rights—civil, cultural, economic, political, and social rights. These rights are set out in 54 articles and two Optional Protocol [ 4 ]. It spells out that children everywhere have the right to ... -based approach to argue for the rights of their patients. Not only should we be aware of its principles and philosophy, everyone working with children has obligations to promote the rights in the
widely accepted as it is today. Paradigm What is a paradigm in science? Thomas Kuhn in his critical book related to the history and philosophy of science The Structure of Scientific Revolutions spent a ... classification and science. The most important discussion of the role of classification was from Science in 1974 [ 15 ]. In the work of Kuhn related to the philosophy of science, it seems essential that in
, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA conscious and subconscious views on the race, ethnicity, and political orientation of their patients may interfere with the care they deliver [ 6, 7 ... speaking Spanish, households with computers available, households with Internet, families in poverty, median rent, unemployment rate, average family size, education, and veteran population size. Political
discussed as pure economics replaces political economy in the Interwar period, with the 1938 Paris Congress of “liberal thinkers,” as the Vienna Circle became known, also comparing issues in philosophy. The ... reason for such a situation? Criticisms of classical political economy have to be understood in their French context. In comparison to other countries, this paper details the case of France, besides
discussed as pure economics replaces political economy in the Interwar period, with the 1938 Paris Congress of “liberal thinkers,” as the Vienna Circle became known, also comparing issues in philosophy. The ... reason for such a situation? Criticisms of classical political economy have to be understood in their French context. In comparison to other countries, this paper details the case of France, besides
for appropriate market infrastructure. This also implied that if Russia's political and economic system had more than one competing hierarchy, the objective of the elites would not have entailed long ... state involvement in Russia?s economy during the last century summarized in Table 1. In period 1 the otherwise revo2003). Recently emerged political party competition, which thrived under Putin?s
philosophy. ... resection. In this paper, we review our own experience, outcomes, and surgical philosophy. Optic; Visual; Pathway; Glioma; Management - Abbreviations CCLG Children’s Cancer and Leukaemia Group ETV
care model is multi-faceted, requiring resources and staff, appropriate health system structures, funding, and public prevention strategies at regional and national levels. These require political will ... initiative is underway. The implementation of FA fortification is a mixed conundrum of issues with political and financial concerns. The dietary preferences globally and the methods of obtaining basic food
force and the political core of the region [ 10–12 ]. Situated on the borders of present-day Bolivia, Peru, and Chile, its favorable geographic position enabled rituals such as ACD to be diffused into
prevent diseases [ 17 ]. Dr. Foege points to two necessary requirements for action: “social will” and “political will.” I am encouraged by the neurosurgeons who are building social and political will by
Central Asia consists of five culturally and ethnically diverse countries that have followed different paths to political and economic transformation in the past 25 years since achieving independence ... adoption of a broad spectrum of economic, institutional and political reforms. The major obstacles to political reform and structural diversification in the five Central Asian economies are internal and
Dissemination and adoption of Western economic ideas in Russia have never been a simple process, always bearing marks of the socio-political and ideological circumstances of the country and inner ... economists writing on the New Austrian school were interested either in the philosophy of Hayek (N. Makasheva (1989) ) or Mises-style political pamphlets and advice (B. Pinsker, L. Piyasheva), or both (R
Dissemination and adoption of Western economic ideas in Russia have never been a simple process, always bearing marks of the socio-political and ideological circumstances of the country and inner ... either in the philosophy of Hayek (N. Makasheva (1989) ) or Mises-style political pamphlets and advice (B. Pinsker, L. Piyasheva), or both (R. Kapeliushnikov, Yu. Kochevrin, and A. Zaostrovtsev). We
perceived costs of fortification by the food industry, the concept that NTDs are a problem that only pertains to low and middle-income countries, and socio-political reasons, might also play a role. Only ... social and political negotiations than only appraising evidence and formulating recommendations (Rychetnik et al. 2004). In this set, organized neurosurgery plays an essential role in advocating for
Economic growth is a primary challenge of the political agenda of leading countries, including Russia. This study discusses existing hypotheses that are related to “secular stagnation” and the ... prevents “creative destruction” (political factors), and the irrelevance of the GDP measurement (statistical problems). Limits to growth contribute to a new global policy trend and the emerging of populism
military spending is determined by a cohort of economic, strategic and political factors. This paper estimates a demand function for Russian military expenditure for the period 1992–2015. The results ... ), such as the ideological and political leanings of the incumbent government, so that: Security (S ) is a function of military expenditure (M ), i.e. the costs of resources needed in order to produce
pandemic, political unrest, limited time and human resources, and technological barriers. Efforts are underway to set up a sustainable database entry protocol in all Centers of Excellence at the earliest ... , contributing to key discussions in generating political will for folic acid fortification in Ethiopia. In 2022, ReachAnother Foundation participated in the G4 Alliance Annual Meeting during 75th World Health