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(Political) Football?" How Section 501(c)(3) - "ARE You READY FOR SOME (POLITICAL) FOOTBALL?" HOW SECTION 501(c)(3) ORGANIZATIONS GET THEIR PLAYING TIME DURING CAMPAIGN SEASONS DanielC. Willingham* AKRON ... Political Expenditures After Citizens United, 10 ELECTION L. J. 449, 452 (2011). See also Lloyd Hitoshi Mayer, What Is This 'Lobbying' That We Are So Worried About?, 26 YALE L. & POL'Y REV. 485, 486-89 (2008
It is commonly asserted that such large corporations have used political influence to secure special tax benefits to reduce their respective tax liabilities. The present study investigates whether ... study examines the relationship between corporate political action committee (PAC) contributions made during the 1983-1984 election cycle and the effective corporate tax rates imposed on the related
look at the political infrastructure and the political philosophy of our system. We have to ask ourselves, . .. 'Is it going to last?' We certainly know the 19871 answers to the question of what is the ... at least, is likely to be signaled by the nature of the political philosophy taught in the universities.... The challenges in the American political system are often foreshadowed in our educational
outline some ideas for structuring the federal income taxation system in ways that reduce political rancor and potentially create reasonable acceptance by tax producers, tax beneficiaries, and their ... political philosophy known for disparaging wealthy persons as a group.27 Law professors, in particular, possess extraordinary advocacy skills, so when they strongly identify with a political philosophy, their
outline some ideas for structuring the federal income taxation system in ways that reduce political rancor and potentially create reasonable acceptance by tax producers, tax beneficiaries, and their ... political philosophy known for disparaging wealthy persons as a group.27 Law professors, in particular, possess extraordinary advocacy skills, so when they strongly identify with a political philosophy, their
was of major political importance in 1689 because prior to the English Civil War 1642-49, Charles I had attempted to raise funds without the aid of Parliament, by inter alia, levying a window tax ... entirely a creature of statute. The maxim that there is "no equity in tax" is embodied in the Bill ofRights 1689 which provided for "no taxation without legislation." This principle was of major political
on a view of the tax not yet explored to any great extent in legal and political circles, but supported by recent economic research, and to argue, if not against the tax itself, at least against the
his legacy. Born on December 29, 1873, he was a Professor of Political Economy at Wisconsin. Washington University in St. Louis, Comell, and Yale. Beyond being a scholar, however, he was pragmatist and ... Legislation ProfessorAdams had a well defined sense about tax legislation based upon practical political and drafting constraints in addition to his identification of thoughtful tax principles. In hearings
. Medicine and Dialogue . Journal of Medicine and Philosophy , 1990 ; 303 . 5. Charon , R. , Montello , M. Memory and anticipation: The practice of narrative ethics . In: Stories Matter: The Role of Narrative ... in Medical Ethics , Ed.: R. Charon , M. Montello . New York, London: Routledge, 2002 . p. : ix-xii. 6. Evans , M. Medicine, philosophy, and the medical humanities . Br J Gen Pract , 2002 ; 447 - 449
philosophy to the issue of tax evasion, which challenged the social contract theories of Hobbes, 9 Locke' 0 and Rousseau. 1 At the other end of the spectrum, a few philosophical studies concluded that tax ... conducted. Studies of Argentina,26 Armenia, Bosnia & Herzegovina,28 2009] China,29 Germany, 30 Guatemala, 31 Hong Kong, 32 Macau, 33 Poland, 34 Romania, 35 Slovakia, 36 Thailand, 37 Ukraine,3 8 philosophy
language of a lawyer seems to be full of jargon." OXFORD ADVANCED LEARNERS DICTIONARY OF CURRENT ENGLISH 485 (6th ed. 2000) (defining "lay" (definition number six)). 46. PHILOSOPHY AND ORDINARY LANGUAGE vii ... -xi (Charles E. Caton ed., U. of Ill. Press 1963). For some analysis of PHILOSOPHY AND ORDINARY LANGUAGE, supra, related to the said issue, and for a well-founded claim that the law is part of the
of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Mayo Clinic Arizona - Phoenix, Arizona, USA IIIDepartment of Philosophy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA IVDepartment of
sure that environmental political measures are necessary. Most importantly, we would bring together neuroscientists and ecologists to begin a translational science between the two fields in order to ... intellectual imagination of science and technology and, at the same time, new and aggressive environmental political measures. REFERENCES 1. He K. Fish, long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
longer occupies an efficient frontier, but the political process through which we allocate tax costs permits groups to indulge the hope (or the illusion) that they will be able to deflect the costs from ... engage in the same activity in another jurisdiction. Of course, cross-border opportunities have always been available, but political and technological barriers to the movement of goods, services, and
the Fourteenth Amendment because it is based on a racial category that does not survive strict scrutiny. I conclude, however, that federally recognized Indian tribes are distinct political entities ... under our constitutional framework and that their special status is political, not racial. Accordingly, states, based on revenue needs and their legitimate interest in funding their own governmental
Government .................... 228 c. Fostering Voluntarism and Pluralism ......................... 229 d. T ax P olicy ..................................................................... 230 e. Political ... income is not generated by the association (money is simply pooled for spending purposes), income tax would be improper. Finally, it is important to acknowledge that the political process can create EOs
creating the partnership: active management of the contributed securities consistent with the investment philosophy of her deceased husband.'13 The active management consisted of the general partner's ... motivations for forming the partnership: centralized management and operation of partnership business consistent with Murphy's investment philosophy." 9 Further evidence of the good faith nature of the
corporate income tax is a regressive tax in so far as the consumer pays the tax in the price of the goods or services sold by the corporation, but there has not been the same political animus to that form of ... are three against it. First, the argument of regressivity is probably the most compelling negative political argument to the adoption of a consumption tax. Cost is the second, and probably the most
observers, and this approach suggests many avenues of tax reform. A second approach is political. No ideal model can adequately capture all of the lives and all of the transactions affected by the tax system ... ," which, after all, is both the creation of our political process and is ultimately judged by it. 5 Unfortunately, the political process is better at reacting to suggested change than initiating it. There
: challenges of the political-institutional environment. Cien Saude Colet. 2009;14:819-28. [ Links ] 18. Viana AL, Machado CV. Federative coordination and decentralization: Brazilian experience in
