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of the political unification (1861) originated after the Napoleonic period. Primary school centralization reforms might have helped women to rapidly improve literacy rates, leading to a first ... political unification (1861) makes it difficult to attribute the role of specific events to the origins of the Italian regional divides. Gathering evidence on the origins of the divides would also be
Taiwan has always had two advantages that increased the odds of passing a same-sex marriage law: the political empowerment of women, and a strong economy characterized by balanced development ... relevant political history, the history and powers Judicial branch, and the Referendum Act. It also covers the historical development of Taiwan’s queer rights movement, beginning in the 1980’s up until 2017
political crises as idiosyncratic shocks were more common than they are today. The results suggest that although overall integration rose during this period, it was low compared to more recent data. The ... during this period. Second, the pattern of integration in individual countries coincides with important historical events in these countries. In particular, large country-specific political upheavals
financial muscle and political will to broaden access to secondary education, whereas the Church was searching for a niche from which to consolidate its position in the nascent liberal society. ... during the period of study. Political instability 8 In this regard, see Gispen (1989) on the intended role of secondary education on the training of engineers in nineteenth-century Germany. 9 Nelson and
efforts failed to achieve promises made under the free trade model that grew under the Washington Consensus. Structural problems and changing political tides left these two groups unsuccessful, and ... tracing its origins, mission, organizational structure, institutions, and specialized councils. UNASUR was modeled after the European Union and sought to establish full economic, political, and monetary
political scientists call international legalization.4 Legalization of international law is understood as the coordinated attempts to strengthen the binding character, the enforceability, and the capacity to
economic and political situation in the illegal immigrant’s home country, the illegal immigrant’s occupation, and business amongst other things.36 However, because of a lack of clear guidance from both ... the fact that the Attorney General is a political appointee. For example, suppose, an Attorney General (AG 1) appointed by an immigration friendly administration decides to expand the list of factors
humanize and make societies less fractious and violent. Articulating these efforts is still a favorite preoccupation of social and political theorists. Some of the efforts come through deliberate social and ... political movements, such as the Slavery Abolition Movements of the 19th century, the Feminist Rights Movements, the Civil Rights Movements and indeed, the Anti-colonization Movements.9 6 See generally THE
, undermining the black market. There would likely be more political will to implement such a system that compliments, rather than replaces, the entire current regulatory structure. There is also likely to be
Marciante (2021) . Also, the increasing political integration of Sicily to the rest of the Kingdom offered the chance of participating in the electoral game to individuals connected with organized crime. The ... gangs of the mafia became a systemic instrument of political struggle, often by eliminating rivals and—following the convenience of the moment—contributing to fuel or soothe local revolts against the
balance the interests to private creditors and the United States foreign policy and diplomatic necessities. The FSIA is very much a legal tool in a political dance. As a result, there is a delicate three
In “Why We Do The Things We Do?: The Role of Ethics in Water Resource Planning”, author Amy Hardberger discusses the role of ethics in political decision making and how ethics can and should impact ... ?: The Role of Ethics in Water Resource Planning Ms. Amy Hardberger* I. Introduction Understanding how political decisions are made requires the evaluation of many procedural levels. The most obvious
& Katerina Akestoridi, Sustainable Development Goals Between Politics and Soft Law: Towards International Political Normativity, 37 EMORY INT'L L. REV. (forthcoming 2023). 4 See U.N. OFFICE OF LEGAL AFFAIRS ... rely on at the domestic level (locus standi).17 The first stage concerns the domestic (legal, regulatory and political) adaptation of the treaty. Once the first stage has been completed – 12 TREATY
of the country. These findings are in stark contrast with claims that the radial structure of the Bourbon roads was designed ex-novo with political or ideological objectives rather than economic ones ... political debate. In this area, the development of national road networks is one of the issues of greatest interest since they form the basis on which the other transport networks are implemented. The works
years, are an ethnic and linguistic minority in Pakistan and face cultural and environmental discrimination, political oppression and violence. Her article brings to light the history of the Sindhis ... . The property left behind by the Hindus was arbitrarily distributed to political supporters of the then ruling government 5 Id. 6 Id. Pakistan actively campaigned to bring assimilation and conformity to
law and domestic law to conclude that targeted killings can be legal. Importantly, the paper investigates the political implications of relying on targeted killings as the prominent form of counter ... working on behalf of the U.S. government. "Assassination" is defined to include three elements: (1) the murder of a private person (2) carried out covertly (3) for political ends. 42 However, targeted
limited impact on each other; that the popular demand for schooling was weak and that the push for school expansion came mainly from the top of the political hierarchy. ... of the political hierarchy. KeywordsPublic schooling Education Economic development Austria JEL ClassificationN13 I25 I28 1 Introduction Across the industrialized world, economic
those ends might justify in circumstances of high-stakes political conflict. In such a world, in which very few hands are truly clean, unilateral invocations of universal principles must be viewed ... "impunity" appears exclusively as a pejorative (if not an epithet),' and scholarship * Associate Professor of Political Science & Law, Wayne State University. J.D., Harvard University, 1987; LL.M., Columbia
rightwing commentators who agree with al-Qa’eda functionaries that jihad is an expansionist political philosophy. Many of the discussions that we now see in the English language result from commentators ... nonMuslims) it is most often used in conjunction with a political issue of some sort or another. It is used, for example, in reference to a political group that has the word within its name, such as the