Loading...
this century. The social identities, their economic and political causes as well as economic consequences are the subject of this dissertation. Social identity is defined here as the idea that people ... research can make to a better understanding of the political economy of social identities. The first two chapters study attempts by the government to change social identities. Specifically, Nikolaus Wolf
were no longer elected (Grendler 2002). Another relevant aspect in the organization of universities is the influence exerted by political power, which was stronger in Northern Europe. Sovereign ... authorities there sought to reinforce their power by imposing themselves in all domains, and the foundation of a university itself was a political act, as well as an expression of the desire to modernize the
political institutions. Income distribution is estimated based on the administrative tabulations from the tax census conducted in 1833. My data source reports the number of taxpayers of class tax (occupation ... political roots of antisemitism. Levine (1991) sees antisemitism in early modern Poland mainly as the product of economic factors. Jews were overrepresented (in proportion to the percentage in the general
This paper provides evidence that the Glorious Revolution removed political barriers to changing property rights in seventeenth century England. I study parliament’s passage of estate bills, a ... delaying revenue bills and conflict with the monarch’s interests made sudden prorogations more likely before the Glorious Revolution. Political and constitutional changes with the Glorious Revolution were
capital owners and wage earners consistently favoured free trade, in the spring election only the largest farmers supported protectionism. By autumn, political preferences among smallholders and middling ... too. As these groups were not specialised in the production of import-competing goods, we assume that the political landslide in the autumn elections can be attributed to a loss of trust in the
This article studies the political determinants of agricultural policies in twelve Western countries based on new estimates of support of farmers during the period from 1920 to 1975. In continental
falling trade and damage to reproducible asset stocks, demographic catastrophe, refugee movements, and political upheaval, yet none had such a rapid and sustained growth as did West Germany (Eichengreen ... foreign aid and reform programmes. The ERP had economic and political goals, including combatting and containing Communism and incentivizing market-based economic activity. The Marshall Plan mobilised
I A M P I E R O C A M A 0 A N D E L E N A S E G H E Z Z A 0 0 Department of Political Science, University of Genoa , Italy The recent literature on democratization has traced this process back to the ... interdependent and can even be opposed. We show that the political elite may grant universal suffrage to counter pressure exerted by the bourgeoisie in favor of a widening of the powers of the parliament. By
classical virtues of liberal political and economic institutions, which are supposed to have set the spirit of the “British World Order” apart from other imperial philosophies (North 1989; Landes 1998 ... sentiment (Crowder 1970; Debeauvais 1964). In line with their imperial philosophy of assimilation, French government schools adopted the French curriculum and language of instruction. The British, instead
political economy into account when trying to explain pre-industrial patterns of inequality. This article aims to re-examine the long-term trend in income inequality before and during the industrial ... prices, factor endowments, and political economy. ?. Objectives and methodology ?.? The Low Countries as a case study The current paper aims to add to the available evidence on inequality for the pre
various problems caused by adverse economic and political conditions that could have been themselves the root cause of underdevelopment (see North and Thomas 1970, 1971, 1973; Fenoaltea 1975a). In ... political power to organize property rights in a society in their favor. For example, according to North and Thomas (1971), the same high land-labor ratios in Western Europe empowered the peasantry, forced
. ? ? ? ? ? ?.?., ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?.: ????? ?? ???????, ? ????????. ??????????-???????, 9 III 2012, ? 8. Porn-Philosophy fo r Everyone: How to Think With Kink. Ed. D. M o n r o e . Wiley-Blackwell 2010. S h i l l i n g C.: Socjologia cia?a. Warszawa 2010. 15 ???????? Music Plays
można wymienić m.in: Islam: Religion, History, and Civilization; Islamic Philosophy from its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy; Islamic Science: An Illustrated Study; The Garden of
rosyjski rodowód. Filozoficzna myśl za‑ chodnia — Philosophy — podporządkowana jest myśleniu analitycznemu, zostaje przeciwstawiona Filosofii, która prezentuje totalną, syntetyzującą perspektywę oglądu ... Bataille, Jean Baudrillard, Friedrich Nietzsche)7. Autor tego rozróż‑ nienia przedkłada „syntetyzująco‑konstruktywną” Filosofię nad „analityczno‑ ‑krytyczną” Philosophy. Dąży do eksplorowania konstruktywnego
, and Civilization; Islamic Philosophy from its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy; Islamic Science: An Illustrated Study; The Garden of Truth: The Vision and Promise of Sufism
possible answer leads us to the distinction between ?active? and ?passive? modernization. According to Cafagna (1988 ), there is an active modernization when one or more political or social actors take up ... modernization can be seen as the consequence of different kinds of institutions. Active modernization can be associated to the idea of ?inclusive? political and economic institutions, as defined by Acemoglu and
bank was a part of the institution building facing the young nation. In this respect what was political imperative went hand in hand with the economic necessity of ? As a consequence of European high ... voting classes upon which the tax had been levied. This strengthened the political character of the bank, including an assured sensitivity to the voices of local interests. Second, the forced nature of the
the efforts of political authorities to regulate the industry, and why such efforts frequently met with limited success. Section 5 describes how a variety of organizational forms emerged. Section 6 ... routes, cargoes, and commercial practices in general, and to have access to prompt and accurate information about the latest movements and condition of particular vessels, as well as any political or
) and has found some empirical support in the association between periods in default and restrictions on international trade (Rose 2005; Borensztein and Panizza 2010) or the use of political and ... (Lysis 1908) . The political connections of the big banks in relation to the power of the government to authorize the issue of foreign securities in Paris was another reason for the late creation of a
concern for national economies that are often considered the embodiment of long-lasting political and economic integration. The study of the trends and determinants of regional income inequality during past ... political integration such as the European Union. From a theoretical point of view, international and regional economics have explained income disparities in terms of differences between regions’ endowments
