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on this set of questions, using insights we have gained from the field of political economy. - Based on the logic of the political economy frameworks considered, I argue that we are indeed heading ... which read, non-security based) institutions, they have the greatest influence.1 The key insight that we gain from political economy about non-coercion is that all countries must benefit from
demanded a re-weighing of EU Council votes to avoid minorities blocking decisions that often required a qualified majority. But such adjustments typically came at a high political cost and lost operational ... efficiency. Clearly, political representation within the EU is a major cause for concern; but so are member states’ strategies for setting policy agendas, shaping legislation or obstructing implementation
, Italy In 2021, the pace of Italy's political change has again accelerated. During the previous year, Italy was the first European country to be hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, an emergency that was faced ... anticipated in general, but in fact, Italy's fragile political system experienced the opposite. All parties have undergone major turbulence. Matteo Salvini's Lega carried out a drastic U-turn from its
the underlying economic and political reasons, such as poor labour productivity, low real wages, insufficient immigration of trained people and the failure to find alternative ways of financing ... country-specific grants are not in line with this philosophy (König, 2022, 19). The ECB, by the way, has had an ambiguous role in the reform process of European countries in the past: as studies of
of his fight against Belarusian society. However, it is useful to discuss the structure of the Belarusian economy as this helps understand the country's political economy and thus inform Europe's ... -order’ agencies and was forced to emigrate. Another important economic and political factor is the large diaspora. Various estimates suggest that 3.5 million Belarusians live outside the country
Taiwan has always had two advantages that increased the odds of passing a same-sex marriage law: the political empowerment of women, and a strong economy characterized by balanced development ... relevant political history, the history and powers Judicial branch, and the Referendum Act. It also covers the historical development of Taiwan’s queer rights movement, beginning in the 1980’s up until 2017
A world of risks and uncertainties can also be a world of opportunities. How and how quickly the EU adapts to the socio-political, economic, energy and climate transitions at hand, and how it ... power only where they have controlled the executive branch of government (e.g. in Hungary). Where populist parties have found themselves in coalitions, across a vibrant political opposition and an active
perspective, looking at three different dimensions: the political economy of fiscal rules in the current political and economic environment, the renewed debate about fiscal policy roles and objectives, as well ... governance system in order to better fit with with current macroeconomic and political realities. - Even before the COVID-19 crisis, which has led to the suspension of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP
CB3 9DA , UK 1 Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford , Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG , UK In a recent article, Halvorson and Manchak (Br J Philos Sci, Forthcoming) claim that there is no basis ... .: Leibnizian space-times and Leibnizian algebras . In: Historical and Philosophical Dimensions of Logic. Methodology and Philosophy of Science , pp. 93 - 112 . Springer, Berlin ( 1977 ) 6. Earman , J.: A Primer
Information Centre for Economics. Instability in electoral behaviour is likely to continue as a result of a variety of factors, including the breakdown of traditional political allegiances, new ideological and ... cultural divides, the importance of leadership and novel forms of political communication. But underneath these political dynamics, can we identify the economic conditions that are associated with such
This article discusses the medical/therapeutical responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and their political economy context. First, the very quick development of several vaccines highlights the richness ... . Only when flooded with an enormous amount of public money did it become eager to undertake applied research, production scale-up and testing. Third, the political economy of the underlying public-private
The true nature of space and time has been a topic of natural philosophy, passed down since the presocratic era. In modern times reflection has particularly been inspired by the physical theories of ... era this reflection has been part of natural philosophy, which aims to describe nature by the language of mathematics. Over time two main traditions have emerged. On the one side there is the position
famous measurement problem, can be enlightened using a new philosophy called Convivial Solipsism. The basic thesis is: Every description of the world must be relative to some observer. But different ... observers can communicate. Mathematically the philosophy rests upon Everett’s relative state formulation of pure wave mechanics [ 22, 23 ]; see also [24] for philosophical issues. The distinction between
efforts failed to achieve promises made under the free trade model that grew under the Washington Consensus. Structural problems and changing political tides left these two groups unsuccessful, and ... tracing its origins, mission, organizational structure, institutions, and specialized councils. UNASUR was modeled after the European Union and sought to establish full economic, political, and monetary
Faced with the impossibility of reaching a political agreement to review the fiscal treaties, the Commission could limit itself to applying the current rules with flexibility, which would maintain an ... one assess the risks of a specific shock, such as a major political turn, that the European authorities and the other member states refuse to endorse? Moreover, no sovereign country will accept that a
political scientists call international legalization.4 Legalization of international law is understood as the coordinated attempts to strengthen the binding character, the enforceability, and the capacity to
relativity’ would be justified on empirical grounds. We then consider the philosophical upshots of ‘sonic relativity’ for four contemporary areas of investigation in the philosophy of spacetime: (i) global ... Sect. 5 we explore some upshots of our work vis-à-vis four ongoing areas of investigation in the philosophy of spacetime and symmetries: (i) global versus subsystem symmetries, (ii) dynamical versus
countries’ banking, economic and political systems. We identify banks holding critical positions within the eurozone countries that might be exploited in the pursuit of power and determine whether SWFs could ... significant and broad influence. According to Weber (1980) and Albert (1955) , this influence may also be understood as power because it allows banks to steer socio-political processes in pursuit of their
Since the emergence of computing as a mode of investigation in the sciences, computational approaches have revolutionised many fields of inquiry. Recently in philosophy, the question has begun ... becomes reality. The question of whether our reality could in fact be a high fidelity computer simulation is fast becoming a subject of interest in philosophy, and more recently in physics and computer
meaning of “approximation of reality” is an important point in of discussion the philosophy of physics [ 1–3 ]. Our starting point is the one due to Butterfield [ 4 ], clarified below. However ... by Palacios [ 5 ] for an overview of the topics of emergence and reduction in the philosophy of physics. mathematical approach common in algebraic quantum theory. In Sect. 2 the algebraic formalism
