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Purpose:The last decades have experienced increasingly integrated global political and economic dynamics ranging especially from the influence of exchange rates and trade amid other sources of ... is not unrelated to the recent level of economic instability experienced in South Africa arising from the country's past and present political events. Moreover, when the results are evaluated in
arrests and 116 convictions, for a total asset value of ZAR 3.4 billion in South Africa. In the wake of these findings, there has been a growing interest in corruption's socio-political and economic costs ... political stability, trade integration, commodities prices and governance quality. Unlike previous studies, we used aggregate corruption perception scores, which combine the perception indices from different
efficiency philosophy aims decreasing usage amount of energy, water, raw materials during production cycle without decreasing quality of produced products. Because of less energy, water and raw material usage ... defined in October 1990 U.S. In the view of our research we believe that examining reducing at source is more important than other methods. ?Reducing at resource? philosophy has two components. One is
uncertainties emanating from changes in geographic political environments. This measure of political risk is a practical index that tracks the country political climate over time, based on newspaper reports ... ( Caldara and Iacoviello, 2019 ). Higher and extreme sentiments of domestic political risk should have a lower contribution to stock market co-movement. Therefore, a negative association is expected. The
-dependency perspective, developing a new research agenda to study pension schemes under historical, cultural, social, political, economic, political and environmental prism. Integrating diversified data ... concept of retirement has evolved constantly, transforming societies and shaping both income and non-income dimensions of well-being. Pension entitlement turned gradually from a political discourse to a
Since 2003, EU had 14 operations (four military, nine civilian, and one civilian-military (civ-mil)) including political, diplomatic, economic, humanitarian and military actions. EU is eager to ... political-strategic level down to the tactical level, EU is able to plan and manage necessary actions. These actions could have civil, police, military or civil-military characteristics. Unlike NATO, EU has
state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in emerging economies need to employ analytical techniques that allow them to discharge their duties without interfering with the political process that might ask to ignore ... Benford's law is satisfied when all modules are considered, but the same does not hold when modules are considered individually. The decision to further investigate is political and outside the auditor's hand
(1979 ) conducted a study using a field experiment with undergraduate students who studied philosophy and organizational policies as their participants. The results showed that a code of conduct ... , and Machiavellianism”, Behavioral Research in Accounting, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 27-49. [ Links ] Hegarty, W.H. and Sims, H. (1979), “Organizational philosophy, policies, and objectives related to
political elections; therefore, regulatory policies are also changed. Consequently, airport operators do not have flexibility, which is crucial to adapt to the changing global demand. Within this context ... how airports operate by increasing traffic through political decisions rather than industry and regional need, and with more impact on large airports, such as Barcelona and Madrid, versus the small
-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. The statistical data across countries since 1980 show that political and institutional contexts have affected income inequality dynamics. The positive trends in income ... is the interaction between FDI and digitalization, and GOVit is governance (voice and accountability, control of corruption, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, the
factors such as corruption and political rights explain less. The differences in the perception of investors in different countries of CSR information in the study (Eliwa et al., 2021) are explained by the ... Finance, Vol. 72 No. 4, pp. 1785-1824, doi: 10.1111/jofi.12505 [ Links ] Liu, C., Cheong, C.S. and Zurbruegg, R. (2020), “Rhetoric, reality, and reputation: do CSR and political lobbying protects
threatening their economy - considering the occupation and the geographical and political divide between the two parts of the Palestinian homeland (the West Bank and the Gaza Strip). These have also led to a ... can assist economic and political decision-makers in dealing with the Palestinian territories’ SE. Al-Mutairi (2012), Al-Subaie (2011), Yahyaoui (2016), Schneider and Enste (2000), Jilani (2007) and
and Sumberg (2019) add that political value (e.g. due to historical employment history) can prevail over economic value and perpetuate highly inefficient industries. The positive perspective of value ... transition economies, networks help to obtain the resources, taking into account the strong political manipulation existing in such markets (Davies et al., 1995). Networks can provide opportunities or create
lobbying framework undermines societal expectations of political equality and consent (Alzola, 2013). The authors believe the Singapore model may be a useful starting point to restructure regulatory agencies ... because it heightens the concern that the conflict of interest could bias SEC oversight and undermine public confidence. A second manifestation of the revolving door has been the political appointments of
and current account balances (Kim and Roubini, 2008). The fourth view describes fiscal deficits as arising out of political economy contestations (Alesina and Perotti, 1995; Eslava, 2011). The ... ), “The political economy of budget deficits”, IMF Economic Review, Vol. 42 No. 1, pp. 1-31, doi: 10.2307/3867338 [ Links ] Anselin, L. (2001), “Spatial econometrics”, in Baltagi, B.H. (Ed.), A Companion
. Furthermore, official or partial dollarization is a consequence of political, economic considerations (such as hyperinflation), currency instability and strong trade links with a specific country (Mengesha and ... replacement of the local currency with the US dollar, a complete monetary union is a much more complex process, in which political and economic coordination is required in addition to institution-building by
other hand attributes the differences in debt and inequality relationships to the political social setup of the countries and Tibi (2015) states that the initial level of income and development level of ... . (2016), Financialisation, Debt and Inequality - Scenarios Based on a Stock Flow Consistent Model, Working Paper (64), Institute for International Political Economy. [ Links ] Dworczak, P., Kominers
Regional organizations are one of the most important demonstrations of the high level economic and political cooperation between states. Today, in the international arena, there are numerous regional ... has accelerated the emergence of regional integrations. Balkan countries took steps towards political and economic union after gaining their independence with a view towards gaining recognition in
posttravel. In developing this model we draw upon the interdisciplinary nature of tourism and discuss a variety of influences, such as, economic, social, cultural, political and psychological factors ... definition by stating that the geographical location "is understood by its visitors as a unique entity, with a political and legislative framework for tourism marketing and planning". Lynch and Tinsley (2001
posttravel. In developing this model we draw upon the interdisciplinary nature of tourism and discuss a variety of influences, such as, economic, social, cultural, political and psychological factors ... definition by stating that the geographical location "is understood by its visitors as a unique entity, with a political and legislative framework for tourism marketing and planning". Lynch and Tinsley (2001