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are embedded. We start from the problem-based and practice-oriented approach to democracy theory as developed by political theorist Mark Warren. We build on this approach to describe practices that can ... perspective and make the role of technology explicit. We then examine how AI technologies can play a role in these practices to improve or inhibit the democratic nature of political systems. We focus in
This final issue of JORH for 2022 revisits the topics of (1) cancer, (2) religious philosophy, and (3) uniquely collates a number of papers discussing the theme of death and dying—which seems an ... /1568180291096793093. Cancer; Religious philosophy; Death; Dying; Queen Elizabeth II - Accepted: 14 September 2022 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer
; Gender; Medical and religious philosophy; Measurement scales; J; S; Peale Introduction With COVID-19 still simmering, two other global issues continue to challenge international security, namely the ... Nigeria, and (16) factors challenging the spiritual rehabilitation of Iranian men affected by natural disasters. Medical Philosophy A small collection of articles in this issue present topics that relate
technology, of equating ethics with “fairness”. This is a common reductionist approach, arguably attributable to Rawls (1971) and the contract tradition in political philosophy, that is also encountered in ... : Nussbaum's methods of justifying the capabilities . Journal of Political Philosophy , 14 , 301 - 322 . Jiang , S. , Martin , J. , & Wilson, C. ( 2019 ). Who's the Guinea Pig? Investigating online A/B/n tests
climate change, belief in God, and left–right political orientation. These constructs were measured slightly differently across the studies. Regardless of how these constructs were measured, believers were ... -believers, and with only a few exceptions, these differences disappeared after covarying political orientation (left-right or liberal-conservative). Contrary to those who argue that there is something
Milan, MI , Italy 1 Logic, Uncertainty, Computation and Information Lab, Department of Philosophy, University of Milan , Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, MI , Italy Some computational phenomena rely ... in the Philosophy of Computer Science presents two standard approaches to computational artefacts (Angius et al., 2021) . According to the first one, they have a dual nature, abstract and physical
The debate around the notions of a priori knowledge and a posteriori knowledge has proven crucial for the development of many fields in philosophy, such as metaphysics, epistemology, metametaphysics ... challenges that emerge in such systems. Distributed Systems; Philosophy of Computation; A Priori Knowledge; Fault-tolerant Systems 1 Introduction and Overview The notion of “a priori” is familiar to most
According to a mainstream position in contemporary cognitive science and philosophy, the use of abstract compositional concepts is amongst the most characteristic indicators of meaningful
(tracing). We operationalise the requirements for meaningful human control through multidisciplinary work in philosophy, behavioural psychology and traffic engineering. The tracking condition is ... technology needs more political philosophy . Communications of the ACM , 63 ( 1 ), 33 - 35 . https://doi.org/10.1145/3339905 Van den Hoven , J. ( 2007 ), ICT and Value Sensitive Design , In: The Information
value alignment for a norm system. It is worth noticing that henceforth we use the terms moral and ethical interchangeably (without differentiation) as it is common practice in the Philosophy literature ... is the branch of philosophy that reflects on what is moral4, right, or good (Frankena, 1973; Audi, 1999; van de Poel & Royakkers, 2011) . The philosophical discipline of ethics is eminently practical
been long discussed in philosophy and science. We explore these ideas in the context of supervised machine learning, namely the branch of artificial intelligence that studies algorithms which balance ... and truth approximation, which are briefly discussed in the context of both machine learning and the philosophy of science. Simplicity; Complexity; Occam's razor; Machine learning; Statistical learning
another? The manipulationist definition of explanation from the philosophy of science offers good answers to these questions, holding that an explanation consists of a generalization that shows what happens ... accounts for a number of features of explanations, such as their asymmetry: one cannot both explain Y by appeal to X and X by appeal to Y. A standard example in philosophy to illustrate this point is of
scope of current regulation. Here, the Merck Ethics Advisory Panel for Science and Technology, a group of external academic experts from the fields of biology, medicine, bioethics, philosophy, and law ... , from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX: 52021PC0206 Eyal , N. ( 2019 , January 16). Informed Consent. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved November 18 , 2022 , from
thematized many times in the history and philosophy of science: paradigm shifts (Kuhn, 1970) , changes of positivity (Foucault, 2002) , differences in styles (Hacking, 1992) , or maybe even conceptual ... important as psychological models, and the critical perspectives of history and philosophy as decisive as the axioms and theorems of theoretical computer science. For more than a decade, the DHST/DLMPST
classical political science literature, the essay approaches the debate through paradoxes that arise from applying classical notions of sovereignty to the digital domain. With these paradoxes and a focus on ... face the harsh realities of political philosophy. Within these realities, the question is thorny already because all classical notions of sovereignty belong to the physical realm. These notions are much
This article explores the effect of European Competition Policy as the means of the EU in global political economy. Competition policy can be identified as an important tool for the EU in its ... chance of domestic producers to reach foreign markets and regulates foreign firms and their products within the single market. Thus, the competition policy carries the EU up in the international political
epistemological concepts from scholastic philosophy. Aquinas’ anthropological concepts related to modern ‘risk science’ and his concepts of rationality, harm and prudence are applied to contemporary social welfare. ... Policy Studies, Ulster University , Belfast , Northern Ireland 2 Department of Christian Philosophy, Faculty of Theology, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland Probabilistic information is used
Whilst the topic of representations is one of the key topics in philosophy of mind, it has only occasionally been noted that representations and representational features may be gradual. Apart from ... weighting of prediction error 1 Introduction The topic of representations is one of the most debated topics in philosophy of cognitive science. Despite the fact that the representational debate has been
-philosophy can be integrated within the philosophy of logic. ... -process. It is part of a broader project, namely the elaboration of an informational conception of logic, and specifically explores how a constructionist epistemology and meta-philosophy (see Sect. 2) can
Western countries. This study describes the current state of PC in Israel through examination of: (1) its current status, self-image and structural factors; (2) its relation to cultural and political ... , spiritual and cultural aspects, (8) political and economic aspects, (9) obstacles and weaknesses, and (10) prospects and goals of palliative care. Participants perceive PC as an integrative healthcare
