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the growing scholarship on country performance indicators and concludes that due to the low response rate and the lack of clear definitions of some of the underlying concepts (e.g., political stability ... policies. However, despite these deficiencies, the Fraser Institute's survey often enjoys relatively uncritical media attention. It even sets in motion a political “rankings game” in which the mining
industry. Here, we identify three social aspects of business risk that may challenge the industry: political, reputational, and local acceptability. Political risk arises when sectoral authorities and the ... ; Mining; Business risk; Political risk; Reputational risk; Local acceptability risk Introduction If there could be only one word describing mineral exploration, it wou ld be uncertainty (Olofsson 2020
political stability in the DRC to make the country more attractive for investors other than the present ones. Increased local beneficiation would strongly benefit Congo and reduce China’s influence. This is a ... and early 1990s, copper production, and as a result also cobalt output in the Congo (Zaire) and Zambia, declined due to mismanagement, political instability, a decay in infrastructure and lack of
companies are largely affected by domestic economic regulation maturity, domestic political geography histories of private equity and imageries of corporate shares and natural resources. Furthermore, this ... and Political Science, University of Edinburgh , Chrystal Macmillan Building, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, Scotland 1 Emilio Soberón Bravo 'Environment, Social and Governance' (ESG) considerations have received
, strategies, and regulations by authorities in Greenland and Denmark. Changes in political agenda in Greenland, Denmark, and internationally have had a strong influence on exploration activities in Greenland ... . Greenland; Mining; Mineral exploration; Companies; Investments; Drivers; Political agenda - JEL Classification L61 · L72 · O13 · O38 · P48 · Q02 · Q34 Introduction Greenland is a large country with an
investment is made, the country can try to capture quasi-rents, a behavior described by the classic obsolescing bargaining model (Vernon 1971) . In this view, increasing RN appears as an additional political ... -seeking view of RN gives less importance to other political and cultural processes that come with increasing state ownership in the mining sector. In this regard, RN has been historically associated with
significant restructuring. Global economic and technological changes will lead to a long-term increase in demand for critical minerals. The critical minerals supply chain is rife with political interference and ... concept and connotation of critical minerals supply chain security are rooted in global industrial changes and technological revolutions and are highly time-sensitive and political. The article analyzes the
, notably potential environmental impacts, which remain poorly understood. Technical and political restrictions must also be overcome. It is argued that the wider environmental benefits of increased cobalt ... to the US economy (thus its currently increasing criticality), from a political, economic, and legal perspective. The global demand for cobalt is expected to increase exponentially in the coming
4 (supply of raw materials) through to tier 1, the production of electric vehicles (EVs). Numerous factors, mainly economic, political, social and environmental, influence the duration of tier 4 ... and trade wars; the political and economic conditions in producing countries; investment availability for new mining projects; lack of exploration and underpinning geoscience research; competing demand
like-minded countries are likely to intensify tendencies of global block-building, which might change the political landscape substantially, with the political and economic consequences yet to emerge ... to effectively navigate the complexities involved. Despite the challenges posed by addressing these complexities in a democratic process, intensifying political tensions surrounding critical raw
stakeholders. The critique has been expressed in the media and in political discourse, whereas more thorough assessments are lacking. This paper addresses this shortcoming, and it uses financial modelling and ... pressure from various stakeholders as well as in political discourse to increase the sector’s contribution to the economy overall, and to local communities specifically (e.g. Roine & Spiro, 2013; Johansson
al. 2020) . Typical criticality assessments attempt to indicate the likelihood probability of supply disruption by considering factors such as limited production diversity and political risks. This ... Eggert 2020, Michaux 2021; Mudd 2021; Henckens et al. 2014) . On the other hand, exploration also depends on the geological potential of a country or region and its particular political and social
heart of a country’s ability to acquire, sustain and project global economic, political and military power. As Otto von Bismarck succinctly put it in 1862, national power is about ‘blood and iron’. In ... bolster domestic supplies of minerals for the US military. China has long been aware of the dependence of its industrialisation and political autonomy on securing plentiful supplies of mineral raw
contributed to this economic recovery, since the unemployment rate decreased from 5.5% in 2020 to 5.3% the first semester of 2021. Ecuador’s presidential inauguration in May 2021 generated political and ... , environmental, and political conflicts affecting the development of policies in favor of responsible mining. Hence, the mining sector’s communication to the communities has direct impact on the visibility
“Materials and methods” and “Empirical findings” presents the empirical findings and is discussed in the literature. The study’s final section ends with conclusions and political implications. Literature ... /TheRoleofCriticalMinerals inCleanEnergyTransitions.pdf, ( 26 /10/2022) Krane J , Idel R ( 2021 ) More transitions, less risk: how renewable energy reduces risks from mining, trade and political dependence . Energy Res Soc
at a turning point in history. The future of geopolitical and geo-economic relations is changing. These developments are catalyzed by (i) sweeping new climate political concepts and legislations around ... the globe, (ii) a growing demand for fossil-free energy technologies, (iii) an increasing share in demand by emerging economies for infrastructure and goods together with rising political tension
, driven by (i) the USAChina trade war which escalated in 2020, (ii) the COVID-19 pandemic starting 2020, (iii) climate political measures in China combined with an economic transformation and (iv) the ... , political, social, regulatory or operational risks affecting supply. Since the variety and volume of data sources are constantly increasing, big data and machine learning techniques also grow more important
. (2021 ) and Ngoc et al. (2021 ). Moreover, Zhang et al. (2021 ) documented a similar result in the case of Malaysia. Specifically, Zhang et al. (2021 ) opines that the present political climate
associated social and political reactions are emerging as a decisive factor determining current and future raw material supply. In light of these concerns, raw material policy-making requires solid information ... on raw materials of particular concern. Whereas indicators and information systems are already well developed for geological, technical, structural, political, regulatory, and economic supply risks
social license to operate. This requires some knowledge of geology and the earth sciences, finance, mining engineering, international relations and political science, and a host of other fields of ... foundation beyond science by initiating processes of mutual learning between mineral economists and practitioners in a large range of fields from political affairs to community concerns (Scholz 2000; Scholz