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, international relations, political science, political economy, development studies, anthropology and African studies. The articles in the issues show how, in the case of Africa, international counterTOC ... ) . Further, going beyond the politics and political economy of international categories, the articles also ethnographically unpack the phenomenology of illicit economies in various African contexts (Frowd et
is rather based on the thick description of known cases, making use of information already available in the literature. In doing so, this study furthers four main goals: (1) to clarify the political ... political/ state-criminal nexus in relation to cybercrime; and (4) to clarify whether forms of state cybercrime are manifestations of state organized crime. After a focused review of the literature on state
worsening of the conflict through the transformation of its practices and representations, into terrorism and transnational organized crime. This article contends that the FARC, as a political party, a new ... criminal practices. This resulted in guerrilla decomposition where the political idealism did not surrender to the State, but to the enormous economic returns of organized crime. The guerrilla transformed
economic resources. In this wide political economy context, existing power relations and structures within the health sector are being reproduced. ... , the healthcare community and political actors, as well as the company’s influence on the pricing and reimbursement procedures of the drugs, in which it was given favorable treatment (OECD 2022; GRECO
This article looks at the discourses regarding Nigerian confraternities’ expansion to Europe. It analyses how networks of individuals working together for solidarity, economic or political objectives ... political objectives became categorized as organised crime or as a mafia. I use original data and police investigations, interviews with members and victims, judges, police officers, and journalists to show
modern slavery established by the UK Home Office in 2017. The study does identify limitations and flaws associated with designing policies based on a “work-as-imagined” philosophy and demonstrates how the ... -imagined” philosophy and demonstrates how the use of maturity modelling can explore how exploitation, corruption and organised crime is framed and can become more formalised over time. Child labour
the local economy. So, the ‘conveyor belt’ is not simply controlled from the outside but also by local political actors. Why does the rise of TOC in policy circles matter? Without overcompensating and ... the discourse of TOC? First, TOC and related notions such as ‘mafias’, as well as the political and policy agendas linked up with them need to be questioned in research, as the contributions to this
legal, political, cultural, economic and knowledge asymmetries likely facilitate the market in illicit veterinary medicines in the UK. Our research concludes that, while previous reports suggest the ... exploited, and the divergent legislation between countries that can provide loopholes or sanctuaries for criminal entrepreneurs (see Pereira 2015) . Similarly, political asymmetries represent weak law
, follows the pattern of conspiracy theories (Di Cesare 2021) that have been popular in Italy since the end of World War II, as an explanation of heinous crimes that influenced the political changes ... multifaceted phenomenon: aside those who set up a group for mere supporting, there are those who are members of a group for political reasons, as well as those ones who are not members of any organization at all
literature focuses on the political economy of environmental regulation and usually does not take into account the market power of firms. When it does, it involves a social planner approach in the ... & Goto, 2014) , the effect of regulation on foreign investment or firms’ location choices (Elliott & Zhou, 2013) . Notably, this literature typically lacks the political economics side of the story, as
inertia. Our main argument is that the underlying cultural, political and economic interests that were prioritized up to the 1970s in Norway continue to have a counteracting effect on the protection of ... order, on the one hand, and the interests of the state, such as maintaining political influence, on the other. In Chambliss’s (1989) view, the structural contradictions of the state is what “prepares the
affected negatively almost all stock markets all over the world, but the effects are heterogeneous across countries according to their economic-political relationship or neighbourhood, etc. Due to that, the ... Quantitative Methods, Department of Social and Political Sciences, University of Milan , 20122 Milan , Italy In recent time, the two significant events; Coronavirus epidemic and Russian invasion are effecting
; Fazekas and Kocsis, 2020) . As such, procurement markets tend to create environments that favor illicit activities by political, economic, and criminal elites (Santino, 2022; Canonico et al., 2021) , and ... . Network analysis has the potential to identify criminal typologies that indicate higher economic and political risks (FATF and Egmont-Group, 2018; Zumaya et al., 2021; Fazekas and Wachs, 2020; Falcón
transnational organised crime). We are grateful to ENACT for the opportunity to engage in this study and share some of its findings. The (political) framing of drug trafficking The measurement of a given ... diffusion of hybrid political orders across the continent (Bagayoko et al. 2016) further complicates the framing of illicit drug trafficking, including the discrepancies between legal frameworks (de iure
2017; Tzeng and Lee 2021) . Still others have characterised match-fixing as an inescapable by-product of the contemporary political economy that legitimises and promotes gambling on sport (Tak 2018 ... different foci (sport, gambling, law enforcement or political economy), sources of problems (e.g., an issue of sporting ethics, financial corruption or institutional failure) and solutions (e.g., education
of Economics and Statistics , 83 ( 1 ), 252 - 272 . Caballero , RJ. ( 1993 ). Durable goods: An explanation for their slow adjustment . Journal of Political Economy , 101 ( 2 ), 351 - 384 . https ... expectations about future income . Journal of Political Economy , 89 ( 5 ), 974 - 1009 . https://doi.org/10.1086/261016 Hansen , LP & Singleton, KJ. ( 1983 ). Stochastic consumption, risk aversion, and the
focus openly on ethnicity as driver of crime at political level (as it leads to openly discriminatory policies difficult to justify), it is not uncommon that a discourse on mafias might emerge instead ... normalised through media as well as political attention in the Netherlands connected to increasingly violent outbreaks of organised crime (Crijns and Van der Meij 2019; Roks et al. 2021) . Whereas the
studies have argued that political decentralization coupled with a kingpin strategy pursued by the federal government only worsened violence. In 2007, former president Felipe Calderon announced a war on ... some of the social consequences of drug related violence (Trejo and Ley 2018; Shirk and Astorga 2010; Guerrero 2009; Escalante 2009) , the role of the state and the impact of political decentralization
the synthetic control method . American Journal of Political Science , 59 ( 2 ), 495 - 510 . Abadie , A. , & Gardeazabal , J. ( 2003 ). The economic costs of conflict: A case study of the Basque country ... control study . Journal of Experimental Political Science , 2022 , 1 - 19 . Mersha , A. G. , & Dempe , S. ( 2011 ). Direct search algorithm for bilevel programming problems . Computational Optimization and
strengthen their political and economic power. We found that different governance-type criminal groups proposed themselves as institutions able to mitigate the burdens imposed by the pandemic by providing ... are quite various ranging from the provision of illegal governance to the evolution of OCGs’ criminal activities. In terms of geo-political focus, most studies concentrated on Latin American countries
