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meltdown of the reactor core, a vast emission of radionuclides, and early deaths of only 31 persons. Its enormous political, economic, social and psychological impact was mainly due to deeply rooted fear of ... and risk philosophy. One of them is demonstration that counted per electricity units produced, early Chernobyl fatalities amounted to 0.86 death/GWeyear), and they were 47 times lower than from
Water managers have long called for management at watershed scales, instead of using hydrologically arbitrary boundaries like political borders. Considerable effort has been made in recent years to ... , Transaction Costs and Environmental Policy: An Assessment Framework and Literature Review, 4 INT’L REV. OF ENVTL. AND RESOURCE ECON., 261-354 (2010); K. Krutilla, & A. Alexeev, The Political Transaction Costs
philosophy. Such a dose, when translated into active nanoscale clusters, quantitatively outnumbers the cells in an average human body. These nanoscale drug issues are discussed in this paper. A theoretical
. Scientific, philosophical, and political objections to the hormesis concept are explored, and complications in the hormesis concept are analyzed. The review concludes with a perspective on the current state of ... political or ethical issues. Philosophical objections to hormesis center around the question of whether there is epistemological warrant for the hormesis concept. Hormesis has diverse manifestations, and
notion that any dose may be harmful and that no dose is safe leads to a regulatory framework and philosophy characterized by public fear and increasing regulatory compliance costs (Mossman 2006) . There ... arena with the view that science should drive policy choices. There has been little discussion of the economic, political and social dimensions of policy making. Individuals and groups of scientists tend
quite predictable under Public Choice political theory. According to this theory, well-organized interest groups with both short term economic agendas and economies that are linked to commercial and ... noting only that the flows “caused a political backlash and attempts to eliminate the entire program.”45 However, at least in the Columbia Basin, the ESA has not produced substantially increased flows, and
widespread fear of the radioactive contamination and there were very strong social and political reactions. The economic consequences were severe in the Ukraine and somewhat less so in the neighbouring ... choose a practical level that, in the light of present knowledge, involves negligible risk.”[ 10 ] This change in philosophy was brought about by new biological information— epidemiological evidence of
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the rights of fishing these turtles beyond their territories is ... right, all “peoples” freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social, and cultural development.81 The ICJ has also recognized the customary nature of the right to self
ideals. “Empowered communities may bargain for environmental improvements, and as the community garners the benefits of redevelopment, the community's economic and political clout may grow, perhaps making ... -income whites may use the political process more effectively than low-income minorities, developers may steer controversial projects to poorer communities.”64 This problem is exacerbated when community
- the world’s political heavyweight coming to the rescue of millions in impoverished, developing countries by providing humanitarian aid to alleviate the disparaging effects of acute poverty, starvation ... , and thirst. It seems difficult to find faults with such relief programs when, in theory, they seem to stem from the political underpinnings of morality, justice, and compassion. What could be a loftier
regulator.175 Furthermore, Kagan and Barron highlight factors that make designees ineligible as superior decision makers by focusing on accountability.176 Regional council members lack political ... officials are, and are unlikely to confer with Congress on policy.177 Political accountability is vital to keep agencies in check. With political accountability, the agency would be more motivated to properly
Vermont Law School, China University of Political Science and Law, Sun Yat-Sen University, and the excellent staff at the Seattle Journal of Environmental Law. ‡ Zheng Ronghui, Master of Law, China ... University of Political Science and Law (CUPL), 2011. Ronghui majors in environmental law and natural resource law. She is now working in Guandong Nanyue Bank as a management trainee. This article originated
. Phrase coined by Cleo Paskal, Associate Fellow at Chatham House (the Royal Institute of International Affairs). CLEO PASKAL, GLOBAL WARRING: HOW ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC, AND POLITICAL CRISES WILL REDRAW ... instability and global migration over time, 2) the links between those who leave and those who stay, and 3) global hot spots for climate justice—places where complex layers of human, social, and political
lacks authority to make such sweeping legislation and that allowing the EPA to pass such sweeping legislation was a breach on federalism.4 However, regardless of the constitutional and political concerns ... of environmental legislation, the need to address climate change has been accepted by members of both major political parties.5 Climate everywhere is going through rapid changes. The changes are
- Life on the Mississippi (Twain 1883) Current radiation protection philosophy is based on the linear nothreshold (LNT) theory. This theory postulates that any dose of ionizing radiation, no matter how ... current foundation of radiation protection philosophy (Taylor 1980; Kathren 1996; Jones 2005; Calabrese 2009) , and it is not the purpose of this paper to recount the details of this history. The
“have the traditional political right and responsibility to govern local land use on city owned land within their municipal boundaries.”167 Through a cooperative management philosophy, “state, local ... resources in the face of coastal development, the regulations disappeared in the midst of a political battle when the program sunset.14 While Alaska has a legitimate interest in protecting and regulating its
). 2. Suzanne Dovi , Political Representation, STANFORD ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PHILOSOPHY (Oct . 17, 2011 ), http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/political-representation/. 3. See generally Joseph L. Sax , The ... better handled by a different branch of government.88 This is called the Political Question Doctrine and the analysis is sensitive, as “the mere fact that a case touches on the political process does not
political and legal challenges that environmentalists have not yet been able to solve efficiently.4 An increasing number of scholars have recognized that the traditional “command and control” environmental ... argument does not really depict the conflict at stake. Freedom of speech does not enjoy as much protection in the context of commercial speech as in the context of political speech.135 Justice Blackmun’s
together with political, diplomatic, and national security-sensitive factors in the development of the wind energy sector. This article first examines the philosophy of ethics, the context for developing a ... wind energy ethic, and considerations of its societal impacts. This philosophy of an ethic for wind energy would collectively consider governmental, environmental and energy ethics as well as cultural
. Current interest in the positive health effects of functional foods, nutraceuticals and herbal medicines seems therefore to be a return to the philosophy of ancient Egypt. Could we not introduce more