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. Patents are negatively related to external debt when external uncertainty in the form of political risk is high. However, we do not find similar significant results for location-bound and subsidiary ... debt contracting problematic (Williamson, 1988) . In host-country contexts with high external uncertainty, as proxied by political risk, we therefore expect external debt to be negatively related to
Much political conflict in the world revolves around the issue of how much freedom to accord people. Liberal democracies are characterized by, e.g., the rule of law and a strong protection of civil ... , income and the political system in generating satisfaction with freedom. Freedom; Satisfaction; Well-being; Happiness; Civil rights; Rule of law 1 Introduction How much freedom to accord people is one
of Torino , Turin , Italy 1 Karl Mittermaier Centre for Philosophy of Economics, University of Johannesburg , Johannesburg , South Africa 2 F. A. Hayek Program for Advanced Study in Philosophy
standards, and the global political economy. Therefore, a global perspective is essential to expand and deepen our understanding of the interactions between MNEs and institutional environments, considering ... multiple forces. The SSD model (Smith & Meiskins,1995) can help us understand cross-national behaviour and strategies of MNEs in a broader context of the global political economy and extend our
-in-place policy as an interpersonal exchange of rights, but where the exchange occurs coercively instead of voluntarily. It compares, in positive political economy terms, the normative principles of ... exchanges in political theory . Social Philosophy and Policy , 22 ( 1 ), 286 - 313 . Fauci , A. , Lane , H. C. , & Redfield , R. R. ( 2020 ). COVID-19 -Navigating the uncharted . New England Journal of
Although there is extensive research in the field of services and lately on the internationalization of services, the topic of how service firms interact with society and political organizations ... theoretical view. Dissimilar to the earlier research where each study stands on a specific theoretical discipline (economic, behavioural or political science), the proposed theoretical view asserts the need for
, political change accompanied by shifts in rules and norms might challenge MNCs’ legitimacy in the host country and/or impose new institutional demands, which can be managed through corporate political ... reduce some aspects of MNCs’ liability of foreignness by closing the asymmetrical information gap between these firms and political decision-makers (Kline & Brown, 2019) . Several studies examine how
these areas, bringing useful ethical insights and practices from political science, sociology or philosophy (Scherer and Palazzo 2007). Although there are innumerable challenges to data collection and to ... Mohr Introduction First Online: 08 October 2018 142 Downloads 1 Introduction For the past 50 years, business and management and political science and international relations scholars
The political news media play an important role in the successful working of democratic societies. In order to fulfill this role, a sufficient level of journalistic quality is required. Most Western ... implies regulation of the media sector by competition law, which may take different attitudes towards market power. While it is undisputed that some aspects of competition between political news media firms
, the study manifests how service MNEs manage three types of actors (business, political and social) having their legitimacy in different systems. The cases illustrate cross-border activities where MNEs ... political actors and cooperate to strengthen their competitive market position. The study concludes that successful cooperation is partially explained by the management’s ability to incorporate business
findings on the relationship remain contradictory. Although researchers emphasize the home-country-bounded nature of EMNEs, less is known about how home-government features and the EMNEs’ political mindset ... convert political systems or learn to shift into a different regime for development needs (Deng & Zhang, 2018). Studies suggest that changes of political systems, as reflected by high government
important contributions to both the de-globalization and GVCs literature. The de-globalization literature suggests that changes in the global structural and political systems to protect national economies ... limited insights into the potential impacts of industrial risks - such as the collapse of sales due to competition (Hendricks et al., 2009) - or political risks, including red tape, expropriation, and non
–64) . They delineate what is legally permitted, rewarded, or punished and are often conceptualized in terms of political stability, governmental effectiveness, or rule of law, referring to the second ... environments, consumers trust in and rely on their government for protection; in contrasting societies, their need for security increases (e.g., Steenkamp & Geyskens, 2006) . Additionally, weaker political
witnessed significant political and economic uncertainty on the back of events such as the election of Donald Trump in the US as well as the UK’s 2016 vote to exit the EU, not to mention the increasingly ... . Much literature has focused on understanding how MNEs view and strategize on the differences between home and host country environments, such as institutional and cultural differences, and on political
would like to thank Ann L. Cunliffe, Will Harvey, Henriett Primecz, Hinrich Voss and participants at the Research Seminar Series (organised by the Department of Business, Strategy and Political Sciences ... work across the humanities, philosophy and sociology placed him at the forefront of the social sciences in the latter half of the 20th century (Jenkins, 2002) . Reflexivity remains a concept of
older and less comprehensive constitutions, a high degree of democratization and a more robust civil society, plagued by less political conflict. Spatial interdependence effects are also identified ... rights; Spruk, 2016 on political institutions; Lewczuk, 2019 on human rights protection) . More and more literature aiming to identify the factors explaining both types of rules has also emerged
, protectionism is often a form of political rent seeking. This form of rent seeking may decrease returns to innovation, interfere with fair competition between local and foreign firms, and aggravate MNC ... may be reduced when MNC subsidiaries have a strong political connection with local governments. Hypothesis 4 The negative relationship between local protectionism and performance of MNC subsidiaries is
of new political entities. We investigate how the birth of the first universities in Italy and the consequent diffusion of new juridical We wish to thank the Editors of this journal and two anonymous ... institutional setting of cities with respect to the feudal regime. Whereas under feudalism the city was governed by rulers (lord or bishop), deriving their authority from a superior political entity (the Emperor
