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theories of preemption (ideology, political institutions, interest group involvement, demographics, and policy diffusion) using a time-series, cross-sectional approach. Using data on state legislative ... legislative activity from 1993 to 2018, we find that increasing legislative conservatism, and more unified political control of the state government, regardless of party, are associated with a higher risk of
American states differ in their protection of workers, acceptance of organized labor, dominant industrial cultures, and regarding labor unions’ capacity and political power. In this article, I ... article, I examine declining union membership in the states and analyze various laws that limit the political power of unions and assess the consequences of these developments. I also document and explain a
American federalism in 2022–2023 saw a continued escalation of the culture wars, with persistent battles fought between the heavily polarized political parties, different levels of government ... these battles with the private sector over cultural issues cross the political spectrum. Another area of conflict worth highlighting is the intensification of state–local conflicts. These intra-state
some Korean political parties, the Commission reported, was that the formation of a “national” government would, with support of the United Nations and its members, convince the North to join as part of ... were encountering the political thought of the free, outside world for the first time, and the experience was perhaps blinding.”12 His unofficial recollection of the Pyongyang visit was more in line
Beginning at the military-political level and ending at the regimental level, this paper will explore the growth of Canadian responsibility within a failing Allied relief framework throughout the ... further delayed food relief. strategic and political backdrop The strategic crux of both the German invasion of the Netherlands in 1940 and the Canadian standoff with Germany in 1945 was the Grebbeberg, an
analysis. What political factors influence fiscal behaviour at the provincial level?” Studying subnational taxation in Spain offers a way of taking-up this suggestion. The Spanish territorial financing ... and political considerations. Second, this article expands the scope of inquiry into the fiscal behavior of sub-national units to include taxation policy. Research on the disciplining effects of
and governments’ crisis response, particularly in the case of COVID-19. It examines the political management of the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects that different factors had on the responsiveness of ... Decentralization is defined as the allocation of political, administrative, and fiscal power at the level of subnational (i.e., local and regional) administrations (Benz 2011; Tselios 2021). According to the OECD
, 2013), 93-118. do so, this collection seeks to advance the historical understanding of retreats through rigorous analysis rather than the “political bias and self-serving content” which the editors ... consider strategic, political, tactical, and cultural dimensions of retreat. A consensus that history offers lessons to policymakers and military practitioners today provides a unitary thread throughout the
functioning political administrations to help support the on-going war effort” (p. 5). And he correctly emphasises the importance of flexibility: “Every new region Civil Affairs entered promised a variety of ... intriguing challenges and complicated tasks … the social, economic, and political realities of his whereabouts forced him to manoeuvre within a complicated and uncertain environment” (p. 204). The first
political forces. From defeats and victories on the battlefield to disputes over officers’ reputations and honour to the new kinship ties that bound individual members, Mayer explains how such a diverse (and ... political, personal, disciplinary and economic aspects of Continental Army life. The organisation of the book roughly follows the chronology of the Revolutionary War, and some knowledge of the conflict’s
, do not challenge in any way the historiographical, social, economic or political hegemonic power of the commercial metropolitan empire centered around Toronto and the St. Lawrence River systems. It ... study begins to fall short and where the ponderings about geography and perspective begin. In addition to imposing their anachronistic modern political geographical boundaries on the region in this early
war. The first chapter provides an economic, social, cultural and political portrait of the Montreal community in 1914. Copp also shows that, despite the multicultural nature of the Canadian metropolis
explores the magazines themselves as compelling cultural artifacts. In between feature stories and eyecatching artwork, readers would have been exposed to reactionary political commentary, editorials about
was challenging political policy. Though he was less guarded in classified settings and written briefings than in public speeches and writings, LeMay’s words were always chosen with precision, and in so
guidance suggests that the Justice40 initiative faces an uncertain implementation environment, with state reactions potentially diverging in important ways along political, and perhaps other, dimensions. For ... various rationales: Congress or executive policymakers might seek to promote experimentation or policy variation to suit state needs, or devolution may be a product of political expediency (Conlan and
have been hope on the part of senior officers of all three services that political opposition to unification would eventually prevail, or that Pearson’s minority government would not last long enough to ... Bill C-243, the Canadian Forces Reorganization Act, passed third reading in the House of Commons, effectively putting an end to viable political 18 opposition to unification. Any lingering concerns that
theorized to affect the likelihood of policy adoption, such as geographical proximity, interest groups, media salience, public opinion, political ideology, and the economy (Savage 1985, 111–126; Bergin 2011 ... . Criminal justice policy adoption has been associated with political strategies and racial threat (Duxbury 2021, 123–153), new carceral technologies (Simon and Silvestre 2017, 73–91), state histories
that reflected multiple (and sometimes conflicting) points of view and satisfied competing personal, military, social and political interests. ... propaganda value of the crater fight that most interested military and political authorities. War news, crafted by the official Eye-Witness and filtered through government censors, reinforced wartime ideals
306 : Book Reviews which warrant further consideration. One thinks for example of the division of the Ottoman Empire, which was still then a sovereign state, however unstable its internal political ... . There is also much left to be written about the place of international law throughout the British Empire, and for Canadian historians in particular, the extent to which it influenced legal, political, and
the other hand, functioned as a representation and embodiment of political meaning.” They go on to state that “[w]ar cemeteries united these two elements: through the sheer mass and uniformity of the ... graves, they (also) became political monuments.”2 killing and dying in wartime Historian of the American Civil War Drew Gilpin Faust has written that “even though we all die, we do so differently from
