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criminal justice system. We find that the Swiss criminal justice system is already significantly shaped by algorithms, a change motivated by political expectations and demands for efficiency. Until now ... widely used in the process of identifying dangerous individuals. 4.1.2.1 Motives Regarding the motives for implementing algorithmic risk assessment instruments, respondents unanimously referenced political
results, and investigate the potential use of the resulting system for Mīmāṃsā philosophy and, more generally, for the formal interpretation of normative statements. ... fundamental schools of Indian philosophy, and the only one centered on deontic concepts. In order to read the Vedas not as a religious text, but as a set of precepts, and to explain “what has to be done” in
a sound technique to evaluate operational losses or wastes of many resources, including time. This paper presents an attempt to couple RM techniques with NPT philosophy together with other concepts ... professional development conference and exposition , Seattle, Washington, 11 - 14 June, ASSE- 06 -544E Pareto V , Page A ( 1971 ) Translation of manuale di economia politica “manual of political economy”, A.M
reflects a political compromise among dif‑ ferent stakeholders. Neither the law nor APR are neutral. Rather, law is “contingent on the circumstances of the time” and “imbued with normative assumptions and ... “public, nonvio‑ lent, conscientious yet political act contrary to the law usually done with the aim of bringing about a change in the law or policies of the government” (Rawls 1991) . And yet, this might
factors such as political matters, wars, social and economic aspects, and exploration techniques. Depending on the recoverable reserve (RR), production of shale gas entails different methods and with a ... prevailing in that particular region. As the administration introduces new policies, this can lead to political and economic turmoil. Therefore, widespread corruption, weak institutional and government support
-book’, this being related to substantive justice. The rights conception assumes that people have moral rights and duties with respect to one another and political rights against the state. These moral ... (OSCE), Rule of law, Rule of law | OSCE (Accessed 11 June 2021). 6 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The Rule of Law, available at https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ rule-of-law/ (Accessed 20 December
identity. Significant barriers to indigenization include not only political, economic, and social obstacles, but also psychological reliance upon the colonizing nation, the inability to recall the memory of ... 32 (discussing estimates of American Indian depopulation since 1492). 15. Such an argument dovetails with the political philosophy known as communitarianism. See generally MICHAEL J. SANDEL
detection of biased language (Sheng et al. 2019) and distinguishing descriptions of criminal incidents (which might include personal details of victims or unsubstantiated accusations) from political events
have even claimed that one of the aims of AI development should be to build morally praiseworthy agents. From the perspective of moral philosophy, praiseworthy moral agents, in any meaningful sense of ... ring to it that can work well in the context of political campaigning or public relations, it is worthwhile to analyse it more thoroughly to reveal some of the issues and challenges that come with this
Entscheidungsproblem.’ Drawing upon the legal, social, and political context of Alan Turing’s own involvement with the law following his arrest in 1952 for the criminal offence of gross indecency, the article explores ... high-water mark in terms of the political, legal and social factors that opposed homosexual behaviour. It was in 1885 that homosexuality was first criminalised. Earlier common law and and legislation had
casing during drift-off, additional calculations were performed with the inclusion of a Production Adapting Base (height = 2.22 m), using Philosophy 2. The tension used in these calculations was 1,600 kips ... % 7.3% 7.3% 7.1% 0.9% 2.8% 2.6% 2.4% 2.6% 3.5% 3.5% 3.3% 2.6% 3.5% 3.5% 3.3% 37 104 100 96 67 119 120 115 67 119 119 114 As it can be seen on Table 2, the results obtained with philosophy 1 (quasi-static
between violations of Civil and Political Rights (CPR) and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ESCR), using Peru's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) as an example. The TRC's findings show how ... York University School of Law (J.D.). She has been involved in Peru's political transition since 2002 in different capacities, most recently as a legal consultant and human rights educator of victim
initiatives without broader gains in allowing political dissent, causing a number of commentators to refer to them as "hostage-diplomacy." ... term in context of Peruvian hostage crisis). It has, however, been used in the context of political prisoners before, see Policy Towards the United States "Matter of Concern",BBC SUMMARY OF WORLD
absence of basic services like health care and electricity- require new strategies and incentives to encourage governments to play their traditional role more effectively. Political economic theories of the ... . Political economic theories of the "resource curse" see the breakdown of a sense ofgovernment accountabilityto its people as one of the more destructive aspects of excessive reliance on natural resource rents
Sartor (1996; 1998). In many respects, the significance of legal argument to formal accounts of non-monotonic reasoning is unsurprising. After all, through the work of Hart (1949) , legal philosophy is ... strength is improper. Indeed, in practical philosophy, Raz’s (1975 ) idea of an exclusionary reason is motivated by the desire to capture the sense in which certain reasons are defeated by considerations
evidence’ has started being used widely in both political statements and legal texts.16 Yet, there is still no common understanding on its meaning (Buono 2019, p. 308; Vazquez Maymir 2020, p. 3; Gless 2020 ... scrutiny (cf. Završnik 2021, p.633). Or, as Green (2018) argues, this is a ‘political exercise that involves making normative judgments about the tradeoffs between reducing incarcenation and reducing crime
Legal pluralism - defined as a situation in which "more than one legal system operate(s) in a single political unit" - is a practical reality in a large number of countries in the world, most notably ... traditions or free of at least some elements that belong to western modernity. It is therefore that African governments have . . . to make decisions about the legal and political position of both tradition and
The Experience of Face Veil Wearers in Europe and the Law, edited by EvaBrems, positions itself in the midst of a political, cultural, and intimately personal debate enveloping Europe over what is ... withdrawal from society. Individually, the empirical country studies are not repetitive; each adds something new to the conversation by weaving personal narratives with the particular history and political
citizenship. Free movement rights have allowed European citizens to cross borders and participate more nearly as political and legal equals within the host society. At the same time, however, European ... UNION The European Union (EU) is an ongoing project in diversity management.' Member states bring their own histories, languages, economies, and political cultures to a common table in Brussels, and the
relative’ (NLR) philosophy provides the fundamental methodology to describe climatic parameters based on fossil sporopollen data (Dhakal et al. 2022; Gibson et al. 2022; Mosbrugger and Utescher 1997