The present study analyzes the influence of macroeconomic variables, especially the economic cycle, on the number of FyA in Latin America between 1995 and 2014. Using PCSE and Negative Binomial models, it is found that macroeconomic variables at target country level have an effect on FyA and explain around one-third of the activity variation. Specifically, it is noted that the...
Using the pooled-mean group method (PMG), this paper attempts to trace the political transfer cycles in parliamentary and assembly elections in India from 1980-81 to 2010-11. It is found that the political transfer cycles are more pronounced in the year before parliamentary elections and in the year of assembly elections in the case of loans from the centre. Furthermore, from the...
This paper is the first to construct bilateral sector-specific real effective exchange rate indices (TCRSB) for 19 manufacturing sectors in Colombia, which consider sectoral differences in terms of commercial partners and relative cost differences. These indices are used to determine the importance of the real effective exchange rate (REER) to explain sectoral export and import...
We analyzed the academic expectations and earning expectations of a nationally representative sample of Colombian students who were finishing their upper-secondary education (high school) and considering three potential scenarios: whether to finish their studies, enroll in a vocational career, or pursue a college degree. We found that these students' earning expectations are...
This paper provides a novel dataset of time-varying measures of fiscal counter-cyclicality for an unbalanced panel of advanced and emerging market economies from 1980 to 2014. The use of time-varying measures of fiscal counter-cyclicality overcomes the major limitation of existing studies assessing the determinants and the effects of fiscal counter-cyclicality that rely on cross...
Although theoretical models exist that support the Effectiveness of Sterilized Foreign Exchange Intervention (FXI), practiced by central banks with the objective of affecting the level and reducing the volatility of the exchange rate, empirical works provide mixed testimony for developed and emerging countries. Using a GARCH model, this paper aims to offer empirical evidence of...
A stronger macroeconomic position when the financial crisis erupted allowed Latin American economies to mitigate its impact through fiscal expansions, temporarily reversing the characteristic procyclical behaviour of fiscal policy. At the same time, in the last two decades fiscal rules have been extensively adopted in the region. This paper analyses the stabilising role of...
We present a tailor-made semi-structural model, which captures the main macro-fiscal variables in commodity exporting economies, to analyze the macroeconomic effects of 4 fiscal rules: (i) a limit to the observed fiscal deficit; (ii) a limit to the structural deficit; (iii) a limit to the growth rate of government expenditures; and (iv) a rule that includes jointly rules (i) and...
This paper analyzes the non-linear and asymmetric effects of fiscal multipliers for expenditure and tax revenue for the Colombian economy. For this purpose, we use autoregressive vector models with smooth transition estimated with Bayesian methods between 1995-Q1 and 2015-Q4. The results show evidence of the existence of dependence on the impact (non-linearity) and none-asymmetry...
I examine the importance of fiscal policy in stabilizing the Euro Area economy and the degree of interaction with monetary policy. The results provide solid evidence of a common fiscal reaction in the monetary union despite the lack of a formal fiscal union. I identify area-wide shocks and find statistically significant (endogenous) responses of fiscal policies to shocks. I also...
I document the decline in the rate of inflation in 14 emerging economies after the implementation of an inflation targeting (IT) regime. I briefly describe how each country implements the IT, and argue that the new regime forced policy coordination amongst various governmental units, allowed for a more singular focus, and more transparent policy making process. This allowed...
Nota EditoraNote from the Guest Editors: Fiscal Policy Challenges Facing the Recent Macroeconomic UncertaintyThe fourteenth edition of the annual conference organized by Banco de la República’s journal Ensayos Sobre Politica Económica (ESPE) is focused on analyzing the fiscal policy challenges facing the recent macroeconomic uncertainty, a very relevant issue vis-à-vis the events...
As is well established (Robinson and Acemoglu, 2012), the economic performance of countries depends on the level of quality of its institutions. Referring to the economic performance, this paper establishes the aggregate efficiency of 133 countries in the generation of GDP by using the production theory framework and considering the participation of human as well as physical...
This paper analyzes the non-linear and asymmetric effects of fiscal multipliers for expenditure and tax revenue for the Colombian economy. For this purpose, we use autoregressive vector models with smooth transition estimated with Bayesian methods between 1995-Q1 and 2015-Q4. The results show evidence of the existence of dependence on the impact (non-linearity) and none-asymmetry...
I examine the importance of fiscal policy in stabilizing the Euro Area economy and the degree of interaction with monetary policy. The results provide solid evidence of a common fiscal reaction in the monetary union despite the lack of a formal fiscal union. I identify area-wide shocks and find statistically significant (endogenous) responses of fiscal policies to shocks. I also...
I document the decline in the rate of inflation in 14 emerging economies after the implementation of an inflation targeting (IT) regime. I briefly describe how each country implements the IT, and argue that the new regime forced policy coordination amongst various governmental units, allowed for a more singular focus, and more transparent policy making process. This allowed...
This paper assesses the effect of external shocks on household income from a regional perspective. External shocks are measured interacting economic growth in migrant-recipient countries and region-specific migration flows. Effects are estimated using difference-in-difference models in a sample of household surveys from 2007 to 2015. Results show that positive growth periods in...
This paper empirically examines the economic effects of the so-called the baby diapers cartel in Colombia. We use data on quantities sold and unit prices of diapers at the region level in the period 2004-2016, and we carry out two exercises: first, following the line of analysis of the Colombian competition authority, we use time-series methods to analyze market prices between...