Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a bipartite positive-sense RNA virus that causes viral nervous necrosis disease in larval and juvenile marine fish. In its genome, the RNA1 segment encodes RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) for viral RNA synthesis, while RNA2 encodes coat protein for viral particle assembly. In addition, an RNA1-derived subgenomic RNA3 region encodes the non...
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a bipartite positive-sense RNA virus that causes piscine viral nervous necrosis disease in larvae and juvenile marine fish. Although NNV has been studied for decades, the translational mechanisms underlying its propagation remain unclear. The molecular mechanism of NNV translation was investigated using grouper brain (GB) cell line infected with...
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes seasonal epidemics and occasionally pandemics. Curcumin, a well-known phytochemical, has been reported to exhibit anti-IAV effects; however, most studies were not comprehensive and utilized Mardin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Curcumin-like diarylpentanoid analogues, namely 2-benzoyl-6-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexen-1-ol (BDHBC) and 5-(3,4...
While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outcomes globally, some individuals experience treatment failure (TF). Data on TF rates and determinants in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are limited. For the first time, a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted to synthesize evidence on TF from...
Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), which cause oral and genital herpes in humans, are prevalent worldwide. ELISA, real-time PCR, and cytological assays are conventional methods for detecting these viruses, but they are expensive and time-consuming. The main purpose of this study was to design a specific G-quadruplex aptamer for the simple and rapid detection of...
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a key mediator of antiviral immunity, and B14R proteins encoded by monkeypox virus (MPV) can interfere with its signaling. This study investigates the differences in IL-1β-binding capacity and apoptotic regulatory effects between two B14R protein isoforms encoded by MPV clades: the truncated B14R-180 (West African clade) and the full-length B14R-326...
Yellow fever virus, family Orthoflaviviridae, is the causative agent of yellow fever – a lethal mosquito-borne disease endemic to South America and Africa. Recent advances in understanding the mechanism of orthoflavivirus pathogenesis, particularly for dengue (DENV), demonstrate a role for the secreted viral non-structural protein 1 (NS1) in both animal and human models. The NS1...
The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV among the female populations in Henan Province, which can provide an evidence for the local governments to make develop strategies for cervical cancer prevention and vaccination. The study was designed to analyze the results of cervical swab HPV test results from female patients who visited the...
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a double-stranded DNA virus that establishes lifelong latency and can cause fatal herpes encephalitis. This study aimed to identify key clock genes regulating HSV-1 infection and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Transcriptomic analyses of the brainstem and hippocampus in mice were conducted to identify clock genes potentially involved...
Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is the most critical risk factor for cervical cancer. The vaginal microbiota and the host immune status are both closely related to HPV infection. The vaginal microbiota regulates multiple immune signaling pathways. Conversely, the immune status also affects the stability of the microbiota. The two interact with each...
To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza viruses in Fengdu, Chongqing, and provide a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control in the region. Pharyngeal swab samples were collected from influenza-like illness cases at Fengdu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from 2022 to 2024 for etiological testing. Virus positivity rates across different years...
Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) faced a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs using various serological methods and to evaluate diagnostic reliability. A prospective study was conducted on 240 frontline and 120 non-frontline HCWs at Siriraj...
Viral antigen rapid detection tests (Ag-RDTs) and PCR-based nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are essential for diagnosing infections like SARS-CoV-2. However, unlike nucleic acids which can be quantified precisely in copies, viral antigens lack a standardized unit of measurement, hindering precise analytical evaluation of Ag-RDTs and comparison with NAATs. We established...
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is a well-established cause of cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of HR-HPV genotypes and the infection patterns in the southern Chinese population to provide data to support effective strategies for HPV screening, prevention, and vaccination. We conducted a retrospective analysis of HPV genotyping...
In 2024, Brazil experienced its largest dengue virus (DENV) epidemic alongside the widest spread of Oropouche virus (OROV) to date. This scenario may have strongly impacted public health surveillance efforts, as DENV and OROV infections often lead to similar clinical signs and symptoms, making clinical differential diagnosis challenging. Herein, we investigated whether the co...
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic continues to pose a significant global public health challenge. Recombination between HIV-1 variants generates unique recombinant forms (URFs) and then circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) after ongoing transmission. Subtype F2 and CRF02_AG mainly spread in western Africa, but they are rarely detected in China. Here, we...
For the first time, a case of vertical transmission of TBEV in a dog associated with foetal death is described. A six-year-old beagle bitch experienced foetal death from day 49 in pregnancy. A caesarean section was performed on day 56, and one live and three dead pups in different stages of resorption were delivered. Black mucoid, non-smelling foetal membranes surrounded the dead...
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the primary cause of cervical cancer. Understanding genotype distribution and evaluating screening strategies are essential for effective prevention. We retrospectively analyzed cervical cancer screening data from 97,686 women aged 35–64 years in Nanjing (2021–2023). Among these, 30,147 underwent combined...
Canine parvovirus (CPV) poses an emerging threat to endangered felids, yet its epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics in tigers remain poorly characterized. Pathogen detection was performed through necropsy, colloidal gold assays, and PCR on a deceased Bengal tiger, followed by genetic and molecular characterization of the identified CPV. This study isolated a CPV-2c strain (HNSY...
As the world confronts simultaneous climate and health emergencies, the spread of emerging infectious diseases, particularly arboviruses, underscores the intersection of planetary health, global mobility, and disease risk. Viral pathogens like Oropouche, dengue, and chikungunya are extending their reach, with expanding vector habitats (ticks, mosquitoes, and others) driven by...
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has demonstrated high efficacy in preventing HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, improper use can lead to breakthrough infections and diagnostic challenges. We report the case of a 30-year-old MSM who was prescribed on-demand PrEP with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) via telemedicine, following...
This study aims to describe the epidemiology and genotypic diversity of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in hospitalized children with pneumonia in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. From February 2022 to January 2023, nasopharyngeal swabs from hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Zhejiang...
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), particularly the HERV-K family, are increasingly recognized for their roles in cancer biology, yet the function of ERVK3-1 (HERVK_3p21.31) in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) remains largely unexplored. We analyzed transcriptomic data from the TCGA-LIHC cohort to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high and low ERVK3...
COVID-19 has been a major public health concern for the past five years. While remarkable work has been done to develop therapies, there is still a need for more treatments to fight this disease. Recently, it was suggested that nisin, an FDA-approved antimicrobial compound, may interfere with SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. Here, we show that nisin does not inhibit SARS-CoV-2...