The complete genome sequence of fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV2), a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus with a genome length of 16,925 nucleotides, was determined via RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Its genome organization resembles those of little cherry virus 2 (LChV2) and yam asymptomatic virus 1 (YaV1), both of which are currently...
Leptosphaeria biglobosa is a phytopathogenic ascomycete of Brassica napus that causes phoma stem canker/blackleg. A new double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus from this fungus has been fully characterized. The virus genome has five dsRNA segments, ranging in length from 1,180 bp to 2,402 bp. Each dsRNA has a single open reading frame flanked by 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions. The...
AT-9010 (2'-methyl-2'-fluoro guanosine triphosphate) is a GTP analog whose prodrug, AT-752 is under consideration in human medicine as a potential antiviral drug against certain flaviviruses. It was previously believed to inhibit viral replication by acting primarily as a chain terminator. However, it was discovered recently that it also binds the GTP binding site of the...
Since 2012, sakobuvirus and sakobuvirus-like (family Picornaviridae) sequences have been detected in felines, wild boars, badgers, and fur seals. In this study, we determined the genome sequence of a novel sakobuvirus identified in faecal samples from European badgers (Meles meles) in Hungary. The strain SakV/badger/B40B/2022/HUN (PQ382029) has a type IV internal ribosome entry...
We recently discovered a novel member of the family Arteriviridae, hedgehog arterivirus 1 (HhAV-1), in the brains of hedgehogs with fatal encephalitis. In this study, we classified this virus and investigated its intrahost genomic diversity using next-generation sequencing. We sequenced HhAV-1 genomes from specimens from seven hedgehogs (two males and five females) with signs of...
An unusually large number of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infections were reported in European countries in 2023/2024, but the genetic background of this B19V epidemic strain is unknown. In this study, there was a larger number of confirmed B19V infections (five in 2021, eight in 2023, and 59 in 2024) and higher IgG seroprevalence (41.4% in 2022 and 54.3% in 2024) in Transdanubia...
Porcine parvovirus 5 (PPV5) is an unclassified member of the family Parvoviridae with no reported pathogenicity, although it is associated with multisystemic, reproductive, and respiratory diseases. Its open reading frame 1 (ORF1) encodes non-structural protein 1 (NS1), which is predicted to have helicase activity that is essential for viral replication. This protein contains a C...
Tulip mild mottle mosaic disease, caused by tulip mild mottle mosaic virus (TMMMV, species Ophiovirus tulipae), was first reported in Japan in 1979. TMMMV has a negative-sense ssRNA genome and is closely related to ophioviruses such as Mirafiori lettuce big vein virus (MLBVV, Ophiovirus mirafioriense). However, its complete nucleotide sequence has not yet been reported. Therefore...
Migratory water birds are considered to be carriers of high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs). In Japan, mallards are often observed during winter, and HPAIV-infected mallards often shed viruses asymptomatically. In this study, we focused on mallards as potential carriers of HPAIVs and investigated whether individual wild mallards are repeatedly infected with HPAIVs...
The families Naryaviridae (order Rivendellvirales), Nenyaviridae (order Rohanvirales), and Vilyaviridae (order Cirlivirales), all within the class Arfiviricetes of the phylum Cressdnaviricota, include single-stranded DNA viruses associated with protozoan parasites of the genera Entamoeba and Giardia as well as viruses found in various environmental samples, also likely infecting...
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), has a significant economic impact on affected farms worldwide. For effective disease control, it is crucial to select an appropriate vaccine based on the specific genotype of BVDV. Therefore, developing a rapid and reliable assay to detect and genotype BVDV is imperative for controlling the spread of...
Viroids occur in plants as swarms of sequence variants clustered around a dominant variant, leading to adoption of the term ‘quasispecies’ to describe the viroid population in an individual host. The composition of the quasispecies can potentially change according to the age of the infection, the position of the leaf or branch in the canopy, and the host species. The primary aim...
Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) contains two arginine-glycine (RG) repeats that contain symmetric/asymmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA/ADMA) and monomethylarginine (MMA) residues. We generated mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against a monomethylated GRGRGG-containing repeat located between amino acids 328 and 377 of EBNA1. In addition to detecting MMA-modified...
NLR family member X1 (NLRX1) is an important member of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family and plays unique roles in immune system regulation. Patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are more likely to have the NLRX1 mutation p.Arg707Cys than healthy individuals. It has been reported that NLRX1 increases the infection rate of HBV in HepG2 cells expressing sodium...
Echovirus type 18 (E18) is a member of the genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of E18 infections in hospitalized adults with meningoencephalitis that occurred during an unusual epidemic in south-western Hungary in mid-2023. Five (6.1%) out of 82 cerebrospinal fluid specimens that were tested were positive for an...
This article reports changes to virus taxonomy and taxon nomenclature that were approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in April 2024. The entire ICTV membership was invited to vote on 203 taxonomic proposals that had been approved by the ICTV Executive Committee (EC) in July 2023 at the 55th EC meeting in Jena, Germany, or in the second...
Two Ralstonia phages, FLC1-1B and FLC4-3B, were isolated from leaf litter compost, using Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, which is a causal agent of bacterial wilt disease, as a host. The genomic DNA sequences of FLC1-1B and FLC4-3B were determined and found to be 290,008 bp and 291,257 bp in length, respectively, and they were therefore classified as jumbo phages. However, they did...
In 2022-2024, three outbreaks of sheeppox (SPP) were reported in the European Union. These occurred in Spain, Bulgaria, and Greece and had serious economic consequences due to animal losses and trade restrictions. Five sheeppox virus (SPPV) whole-genome sequences (WGSs) were determined from samples collected during these outbreaks and analyzed in the context of all other...
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a member of the genus Metapneumovirus in the family Pneumoviridae of the order Mononegavirales that can cause upper and lower respiratory tract disease. This retrospective study describes the epidemiology of hMPV based on community viral surveillance results from sentinel sites across Taiwan from 2013 to 2023. A total of 114 hMPV strains were...
Yersinia enterocolitica causes yersiniosis, the third most common gastrointestinal infection in humans throughout Europe. The emergence of multidrug resistance and the lack of effective new antibiotics have drawn attention to phage therapy as a treatment option. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of phage fMtkYen3-01, which infects Y. enterocolitica serotype O:3 strains...
Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV; family Tombusviridae, genus Luteovirus, species Luteovirus glycinis) is an RNA plant virus that is transmitted solely by aphids in a persistent, circulative and non-propagative manner. SbDV causes significant losses in cultivated Fabaceae, especially in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) pastures of mainland Australia. SbDV isolates are...