It is possible to synthesize silver nanoparticles, which are used to increase the conductivity of carbon paste electrodes used in the design of biosensors that enable the determination of the amount of H2O2 in foods quickly, practically, and at low concentrations. Silver nanoparticles used in electrode modification could be obtained cheaply and eco-friendly by green synthesis...
The use of biochar, which is a carbon-rich material obtained by pyrolysis of various organic raw materials for dye pollution in wastewater, is promising for the removal of dyes from wastewater. Modified biochars whose structures are changed are currently being investigated with many studies. In this study, Juniperus Excelsa (JE) cone, which is an economical and accessible tree...
The fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs) via eco-friendly methods has gained attention due to its sustainability, accessibility, and affordability. The current work aimed to establish a comparative study between the chemical and phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of Ceratophyllum demersum (Coontail), a submerged aquatic plant species from Egypt, using five...
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the adsorption efficiency for removing nitrate and phosphate in an aqueous solution using adsorbents derived from rice husks and corn stalks. Five adsorbents were used: untreated rice husk (RH), raw corn stalk (CS), rice husk biochar (RHB), corn stalk biochar (CSB), and a rice husk biochar chemically modified with magnesium (RHB-Mg...
In this study, the effects of carrier agents and their usage methods on the drying rate, moisture content, effective moisture diffusion, energy consumption, color, density, Carr (CI) and Hausner (HR) index values of Golden delicious variety apple powder produced by convective drying method at 60 °C and 80 °C were compared. The effects of maltodextrin (M), sorbitol (S) and lactose...
Industrial development has significantly increased the off dyestuff in the environment, resulting to serious environmental contamination in recent years. The high concentration of dye in aquatic environments has spurred researchers to focus on remediation strategies for the removal of dye from wastewater. Thus, adsorption has emerged as an effective and economically viable method...
This study examined the impact of mixing cow manure (CM) and rumen fluid (RF) in various proportions on methane production and microbial dynamics in batch-operated digesters at three different temperatures. The proportions of RF added to CM were 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 100%. The mixed substrates in triplicate bottles were then divided into three groups and incubated at...
The impact of conductive additives on the two-phase anaerobic digestion (AD) process has been limited. Consequently, in this study, we investigated the impact of different doses of biochar (5, 10, and 15 g/L) on a batch two-stage AD, consisting of acidogenic (1st phase) followed by methanogenic (2nd phase). First, sugarcane bagasse was used as a precursor for the preparation of...
Argan nut shells (ANSs), a lignin-rich residue (40 wt-%) from the argan plant, have seen limited use for energy and material-based applications so far. To explore the potential of this industrial crop waste for prospective applications, fractionation of ANS with the protic ionic liquid (PIL), N,N-dimethylbutylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([DMBA][HSO4]) was performed at different...
Researchers are conducting extensive research on renewable energy sources to offset the decline in petroleum-based products. It is becoming more and more important to use biomass as a source of energy and renewable fuels. The most promising method for converting biomass into alternative energy in the forms of biochar, biooil, combustible gases, and other important compounds is...
Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) and Sider (Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf.) are evergreen trees whose plant parts are rich in bioactive polyphenol compounds with potential for application in functional food production. Extracts from leaves and branches of C. siliqua and Z. spina-christi were applied to Pinus sylvestris wood blocks and subjected to fungal infestation with...
Developing appropriate electrode materials is crucial for achieving supercapacitors with high power output and extended cycle life. Among these, biomass-derived carbon electrodes hold a prominent position in supercapacitor applications. However, these electrodes need to be modified by appropriate methods to increase their performance. In this study, sulphur and iodine heteroatom...
Biomass, a sustainable energy source, can be utilized to produce chemicals, heat, and electricity. For this purpose, studies on the gasification of woody biomass in fluidized bed reactors are of interest. CFD simulations are commonly utilized for designing and optimizing processes. In computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions, 2D and 3D modeling have different advantages and...
This study introduced a novel formulation involving the use of oleaster bark ethanol extract-oil-emulsion gel immobilized into coconut shell hydrochar. The characterization of fish oil (FO)-emulsion gel (Eg) incorporating Elaeagnus angustifolia ethanol extract immobilized within coconut shell hydrochar pores and assesses its antimicrobial efficacy against Acinetobacter baumannii...
In this study, cellulosic fibers obtained from the Xanthium strumarium L. subsp. strumarium (XSL) plant’s stem were characterized. The aim of this study is to compare the characteristics of XSL fiber with different stem fibers such as flax, hemp, and jute that are commonly used in the composite industry for sustainability purposes. The XSL plant is abundant in nature and keeps...
Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) contains significant amounts of trace elements including zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead. This study investigated the behavior of these trace elements in municipal sewage sludge biochar during the pyrolysis of both anaerobically digested and undigested sludge at temperatures ranging from 500 °C to 900 °C using a rotary pyrolyzer. Microwave plasma...
Biogas is a sustainable energy source with ecological, economic, and societal advantages. Composed mainly of CH4 and CO2, it offers a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels, emphasizing the importance of decarbonization. Chemical absorption effectively captures CO2, and process simulations assess separation performance before industrial use. This research aims to explore the...
High organic carbon wastes can be used for biofuel production for reducing raw material costs. Green market wastes (GMW) are one of the raw material candidates to generate biofuel by fermentation with low-cost production and high yield of fuel formation. Biohydrogen and biomethane are potential gaseous energy sources that can be obtained through sequential fermentation of GMW. In...
Dark fermentation (DF) of food waste (FW) is a promising and sustainable alternative for valorization, where a carbohydrate-rich substrate is converted into value-added products such as hydrogen (H2) and volatile fatty acids (VFA). In this work, several combinations of hydrogen-producing bacteria (Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium beijerinckii) along with lactic acid bacteria...
Alkyl levulinates were synthesized directly from cellulose derived from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) using a Keggin heteropolyacid under microwave-assisted hydrolysis. The pretreatment method to obtain cellulose was identified as a key factor to achieve higher yields of butyl levulinate. Hydrothermal pretreatment with H2SO4 resulted in the highest cellulose yield, with...
The steam explosion of softwood bark generates blow steam condensates rich in furans, such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). These are not only problematic inhibitors to enzymes and yeast but are also valuable platform chemicals, and their presence relates to the process intensity. This study explores the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a non-destructive tool...
This study aimed to assess the potential of olive press cake (OPC) as an alternative casing material for white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation. Five casing layer formulations, combining peat (P) and OPC at weight ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 (w/w), were evaluated alongside a peat-only control. The impact of these formulations on mushroom yield, nutrient...
The transition to sustainable energy has attracted strong interest worldwide in hydrogen production from biomass with integrated CO2 capture. The sorption-enhanced water–gas shift (SEWGS) process presents a promising approach for upgrading the biomass gasification producer gas with efficient carbon capture. In this study, a kinetic-based model for the SEWGS process using a CaO...
Process parameter optimization is of significant interest in the search for renewable energy from biomass. This study investigates the potential of three kinetic models to analyze and optimize biomethane production from acidic pretreated groundnut shells. First-order, logistic, and Gompertz models were investigated. Groundnut shells were pretreated with H2SO4 at different...