Background The main purpose of this study is to develop a nonlinear model of a batch adsorption and to evaluate the model's capability in the prediction of experimental adsorption data. Additionally, results of the nonlinear model were compared with data of pseudo first- and second-order models. Experimental data were extracted from the adsorption of zinc ions using calcium...
Corrosion control of metals is an important activity of technical, economical, environmental, and aesthetical importance. The use of inhibitors is one of the best options of protecting metals and alloys against corrosion. The toxicity of organic and inorganic corrosion inhibitors to the environment has prompted the search for safer corrosion inhibitors such as green corrosion...
Background The process of converting synthesis gas into liquid fuels (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis) is a well-known technology. Among all Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts, Co- and Fe-based ones are applicable for industrial processes due to their low cost and high activity and selectivity. In this experimental study, a kinetic model has been developed for FTS reactions...
BackgroundRubber compounds are widely used in many applications because of the properties they exhibit. The physical and mechanical properties of these blends are sensitive to small variations in the amount of the individual polymers used. Thermogravimetry is currently gaining wide acceptance as a method for compositional analysis of vulcanizates. Knowledge of the relationship...
BackgroundMaleic anhydride (MAN) copolymers with methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and butyl acrylate monomers at 1:1 mole ratios were synthesized by free radical polymerization in the presence of α,α′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as initiator and dry ethyl acetate as solvent.ResultsCopolymer compositions were obtained using related proton...
BackgroundIn this study, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is considered one of the most versatile plastics. It is the second largest manufactured resin by volume worldwide.ResultsTo study the optical properties of modified PVC containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole and phthalyl groups in the repeating units, thin films of the prepared polymers (P I, P II, P III, P IV, P V, and PVC) were casted...
Background The extreme pressure lubrication (EPL) properties of bipyridyl adducts of different lanthanum dithiocarbamates of the type LaL3·bipy (where LH = dimethyl dithiocarbamate (Me2DTCH), piperidine dithiocarbamate (PipDTCH), morpholine dithiocarbamate (MorphDTCH), and diphenyl dithiocarbamate (Ph2DTCH); bipy = 2,2′-bipyridyl) have been evaluated with a four-ball lubricant...
Background In this investigation car shampoo formulation was studied. The quality of car shampoo is directly linked to the basic material used in the formulation. By varying the ratio of ingredients such as sodium metasilicate (SMS), sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES), coco dimethyl betaine (betaine), coconut fatty acid diethanolamide (CDE) and linear alkyl benzene sulphonate...
Background Calcium channel blockers belonging to the dihydropyridine family have been used as a potent arterial vasodilator in the management of angina and cardiovascular diseases. In the design of glassy carbon electrode coatings for the study of the same, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are favored. They are known for the reduction and oxidation of electroactive species...
Background Isopropenyl acetate (IPA) is one of the monomers from acetate family having an unsaturation with a methyl group attached to the ethylenic carbon. The unsaturation present in the monomer can be utilized for free radical polymerization. Irrespective of this, IPA is not studied much in emulsion polymer synthesis. In the current study, we report the preparation of emulsion...
Background This study focuses on the application of photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) with Mn2+ as catalyst combined with a photocatalytic process using supported TiO2 nanoparticles for the removal of phenol from aqueous solutions. TiO2 nanoparticles (Degussa P-25) immobilized on glass plates were used as photocatalyst, and carbon nanotube-polytetrafluoroethylene electrode was employed...
Background Originally derived from colored minerals, inorganic pigment titanium dioxide is now highly engineered particles that imparts color or functionality to the objects in which they are used. Optical properties such as color, opacity, brightness, and gloss are important to users of paper and board grades. The color and brightness of TiO2 sometimes get affected during its...
Background The present study is aimed at investigating the degradation of azo dye solution of AR 274 by wet air oxidation conditions. The central composite design matrix and response surface methodology were applied in designing the experiments to evaluate the interactive effects of the three most important operating variables. Thus, the interactive effects of oxygen pressure (3...
Polyethylene glycol-bound potassium tribromide [{K+PEG}·Br3−] was found to be an efficient brominating agent for the bromination of bisphenol A to tetrabromobisphenol A of a very high purity in excellent yield. The brominating agent was easily prepared by reacting the PEG400 with KBr3 using the host-guest chemistry concept. The effect of various reaction parameters such as...
Biosorption of Cd(II) onto loquat leaves (LL) powder and loquat leaves ash (LA) from aqueous solution has been investigated. The extent of biosorption of Cd(II) ions was found to be dependent on the solution pH, biosorbent dose, initial cadmium ions concentration, contact time, and temperature. The experimental equilibrium biosorption data were analyzed by three widely used two...
Background A large amount of post-consumer marble sludge waste is thrown away into landfills. The need to reuse this waste is increasing day by day due to the environmental concern and energy conservation. The purpose of this work is to explore the use of this waste for low-cost natural rubber composites. In the experimental part, three different microsizes: 10, 20, and 75 μm...
Sodium silicate (Na2O/SiO2 = 1:3.3) as a precursor is used to prepare silica aerogel. The prepared silica aerogel is modified by mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane. The modified silica aerogel is characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer, Emmett, Teller method, and transmission electron microscopy. The adsorption and removal of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions...
Background Furan has been considered to be toxic and carcinogenic. In this research, a new method was applied for the pre-concentration of furan in beverage samples followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) determination. Results Determination was carried out by a UV detection at 205 nm. Some of the most important parameters, including...
Some of organic materials such as antibiotics are hazardous contaminants in the aquatic environment because of their adverse effects on aquatic life, environment, and humans. In this work, a batch reactor of ultraviolet (UV) light and peroxydisulfate were studied for the degradation of tylosin as a model antibiotic in water. The effect of different parameters such as UV...
In this research, a sol–gel process was used to synthesize zirconia-alumina (ZrO2-Al2O3) composite nanopowders containing 10, 20, and 50 mol% alumina (Al2O3) without any stabilizer. Zirconium acetate hydroxide and aluminum isopropoxide were employed as precursors. The produced composite nanopowders were characterized using a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer...
In the present work, the decolourization of azo dye Acid Yellow 99 (AY99) in an aqueous solution by Fenton oxidation process was investigated. The results indicated that the initial pH, the nature of the acid to adjust pH, the temperature and the initial concentrations of the Fenton’s reagent FeSO4 of H2O2 and of the AY99 played an important role on the dye decolourization. It...
In this paper, the industrial secondary reformer reactor has been modeled and simulated at steady-state operation conditions. It aims to modify a complete mathematical model of the secondary reformer design. The secondary reformer is a part of a subprocess in a higher scale unit of ammonia synthesis. It is located after the primary reformer in the ammonia plant where it is used...
Background The inhibitive effect of the aqueous extract of Coffee senna (CS) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions was investigated by weight loss measurement as well as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. Result The extract was found to efficiently inhibit the corrosion process in both...
Background Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) are a group of volatile aromatic compounds. The human exposure to these compounds can comprise serious health consequences. Due to the toxicological properties of BTEX, there is an interest in the chemical control and consequently analytical procedures to measure these compounds. The objective of the present study was...
One-pot synthesis of benzimidazoles has been carried out using ortho-phenylenediamine and aldehydes. The condensation reaction smoothly took place in the presence of a mild Lewis acid cadmium chloride. All the reactions were carried out in acetonitrile at 80°C to 85°C.