The article tries to answer the question of the status of theology by collating Thomas Aquinas’ with John Duns Scotus’ views. Whereas Thomas Aquinas’ answer to the question: Utrum sacra doctrina sit scientia is unambiguously positive and recognizes “the holy knowledge” as the more honourable than other sciences, Scotus’ answer is negative, at best giving it the status of science...
The text presents an analysis of history and anthropology. The defended and argued thesis is: the monarchy is a natural human form of government. The data presented from zoology also seem to confirm the stated thesis. The real monarchy has been compiled with the current European monarchies.
The problem of rules and the private language argument are among the most renowned and disputable themes of Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations. Presumably today’s best known interpretation of the themes was presented in Saul Kripke’s famous and often commented book Wittgenstein on Rules and the Private Language, published in 1982. The interpretation, nicknamed...
Work can be a source of human happiness and joy. However, to make this possible, it should fulfil several criteria. In the world of consumption, the most important criteria of a good work is a high salary. The Happiness, which the work can give to a human being, is measured by the content of one’s wallet. A dream work for a consumer is a work which is interesting, well‑paid, not...
Disputationes metaphysicae by Francis Suárez in its assumptions returns to the classical division into real being (ens reale) and mind‑dependent being (ens rationis). To put it in the theoretical structure, Suárez’ theory of being is directly linked to the noetic concept of “objective being” (ens objectivum). Suárez definitely broke with a classical approach to the object of...
This article presents the main issues relating to the Nietzschean interpretation of nihilism in its diverse and ambiguous manifestations. Furthermore, it attempts to show the relationship between the rejection of strictly metaphysical discourse and aestheticization of thinking, accomplished in the work of the German philosopher. With such a perspective the article attempts to...
The article presents the problem of structuralism in cultural anthropology as an example of interpretation in the humanities. The main goal is a critical description of Edmund Leach’s proposal put forward in his Against Genres: Are Parables Lights Set in Candlesticks or Put Under a Bushel? The proposed method, as well as its application to biblical texts, is analysed from the...
There is a common opinion that a researcher cannot be entirely objective. Although they can keep a semantic neutrality, their identity and social environment make it impossible to maintain this neutrality in the practice. The author tries to prove that this neutrality is impossible as well because every scientist chooses their own philosophy of language. The author shows examples...
For more than one hundred years Marxism-Leninism has been the foundation of modern ideologies, not only Soviet-dogmatic, but also anthropocentricrevised. However, in the opinion of an excellent sovietologist, Józef Maria Bocheński, a common cosmocentric view allows a possibility of philosophical dialogue between Thomism and Marxism. But for the last 50 years the Christian...
The purpose of this paper is to attempt to answer the question of how the interpretation of the main character in The Stranger by Albert Camus as „an animal in the human skin” can be applied to understanding the actions of the character in the world. The next question posed is whether Camus describes Meursault literally as an animal or refers to the character symbolically. The...
The subject of the article is to present the theory of Latin civilization by Felix Koneczny. The ancient civilization components such as: Greek philosophy, Roman law, and Christian religion were highlighted. The Model is based on the Latin civilization of Catholic ethics that covers all spheres of social life. The most important foundation of social structure in this civilization...
The article is devoted to one of the central problems of philosophy, which is a human identity, based on Ricoeur’s „philosophy of recognition”. This French philosopher refers to literary examples of recognition and to search for identity. He chooses Oedipus as a hero of „struggle for recognition”. Oedipus’ life drama shows a mysterious sense of human history. The source of hero’s...
This article is trying to explain Gilles Deleuze’s interpretations of Nietzsche philosophy. It seems that Friedrich Nietzsche was a great inspiration for Deleuze. Deleuze in his works about Nietzsche’s philosophy describes his own philosophical position which relates to such problems as: what is philosophy? or what is affirmation? At the same time, Deleuze is trying to explain...
The fortuity can be defined both as an unpredictable case and a fate or destiny. This article will show that ambivalence of meaning on the example of phenomenon of death. The article contains three parts. The first one tells about the meaning of the fortuity of death in some archaic cultures. The next one refers to the case of the fortuity of death in medicine and its...
The article is an attempt to answer the question what Socrates’ daimonion is, and withal, what its function, meaning and origins are. The main part of this article is focused on diverse interpretations of philosophers such as Guthrie, Swieżawski, Nowicki etc. In this context there are presented two general attitudes towards the problem: personal and abstract. Additionally...
This article is about the concept of amor fati in the Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy. In philosophy of Beyond Good and Evil the author’s idea of amor fati combines reflections on fortuitousness and necessity in the context of human life. In this paper, the author attempts to show the significance of this idea by the interpretation of Nietzsche’s statements about the following...
Tradition has stopped being something accepted in the natural way at present, it is inevitably a subject of reflection. In what degree does it still define us? Should we rid ourselves of it, because it is a burden and limitation? In reference to tradition, comprehended today as something eligible and not longer forming fully human fates, the authoress considers the question of...
The purpose of this article is to show that the Greek drama for Albert Camus was an expression of the universal experience of the cruelty of fate. Dramatic stories of Oedipus and Prometheus were for him a kind of map of the world with space selected for the man and his denial of suffering. Camus knows that in the tragedy even a man who is a „plaything of the gods”, maintains...
The evolution of his views on the world of nature led Miłosz to spiritual transformation, which connected awereness the pain of existence with largeness and beauty of the universe. Conscious, that behind the colour of nature curtain take place continuous performance of tortures and sufferings, he treated haiku of japanese poet as his own, which he was asked to translate: „we walk...
We used to identify the scientific reflection over the idea of the chance with mathematics or philosophy. In this paper we shall look at the problem from the perspective of visual arts. The history of philosophy and science shows that the idea of the chance was understood in many different ways. Also today we can differentiate at least three distinct paths of apprehending the...
The term „probability” in Newman’s philosophy is ambiguous. This fact, very often causes the chaos of interpretation. The second difficulty is to grasp the relationship between the probability and certainty-certitude in the system of its thought. The aim of this article is to try to solve these two matters. The way of using the word by the cardinal shows that it is an instrument...