Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is a specialized telomere extension mechanism associated with 5–10% of all cancers1. Although ALT has been linked to epigenetic dysregulation and genome instability, specific genomic and epigenetic rearrangements generated after ALT activation have not been identified. Here we report the insertion of centromeric α-satellite repeats and...
The major animal body plans originated during the Cambrian explosion, yet the phylum Bryozoa has remained a conspicuous exception to this pattern1. The initial discovery of Protomelission gatehousei2 provided compelling evidence for a Cambrian origin for the Bryozoa, together with other major metazoan phyla and compatible with independent molecular clock estimates3,4,5,6,7...
Enamel covers teeth, is the hardest tissue in the vertebrate body and has a complex multiscale structure from nanometres to millimetres1. The structure comprises thin, long hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH) nanocrystals2, 50–70 nm wide, many micrometres long, parallel and bundled into approximately 5-µm-wide rods. The rods undulate and cross into a microscale ‘decussation pattern...
Lysosomal membrane integrity is essential for cell survival, but how damage sensing is spatiotemporally coupled to repair remains poorly understood. Recruitment and assembly of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) I–III rapidly counteracts membrane damage, but it is unclear how ESCRT-I recognizes defective lysosomal membranes. Here, leveraging genome-wide...
The microbiota produces thousands of potentially bioactive small molecules1,2,3. High-throughput bioactivity screens of in vitro commensal cultures have exposed microbiota metabolites that shape host physiology by activating diverse G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)4,5,6,7. However, owing to technical limitations, the GPCRome-wide bioactivities of in vivo metabolomes, which...
Superfluorescence (SF) is the collective emission of intense, coherent light from an interacting ensemble of quantum emitters1,2,3,4. Although SF has been observed in several solid-state materials5,6,7,8, the spontaneous generation of circularly polarized SF from chiral materials (chiral SF) has not been realized9,10. Here, we report the observation of chiral SF originating from...
Increasing recycling rates requires not only better technologies but also smarter collection of plastic packaging waste1. Source separation—sorting materials such as plastics and metals at the household level—captures substantial waste volumes2,3, yet significant quantities still remain in the residual household waste fraction owing to misthrows and non-participation4,5. Post...
Efficient nitrogen assimilation is important for sustainable agriculture1, yet its subcellular organization remains unknown. Here we show that plastoglobules (PGs) in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells function as a metabolic hub that orchestrates nitrogen utilization in maize. Nitrogen-responsive dynamics of PGs represent a conserved feature across plant species. We identify...
Most genetic variants associated with complex diseases lie in non-coding regions1, complicating efforts to identify effector genes and relevant cell types. Here we map cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) across 2.2 million single cells using intestinal biopsies and blood from 421 individuals, including 125 with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Cell-type-level eQTLs...
Demand for minerals sourced from sub-Saharan Africa is expanding rapidly1,2,3,4,5. If poorly managed, mining expansion poses a key threat to tropical forests across the continent6,7. Here we present a spatiotemporal assessment of mining-driven deforestation of dense forests across Africa, using continent-wide data on post-deforestation land uses and a robust difference-in...
Gliomas with mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) are malignant brain tumours that typically arise in early to mid-adulthood and nearly always recur following treatment1,2. However, the genetic and cellular-state changes that drive IDH-mutant glioma progression under treatment remain incompletely understood. Here we integrated single-nucleus transcriptomic profiles, chromatin...
Collisionless shocks are ubiquitous in space plasmas throughout the Universe and are widely believed to be primary sites of cosmic ray acceleration1,2. The prevailing mechanism, diffusive shock acceleration, requires particles to repeatedly cross the shock front, gaining energy with each crossing. The maximum achievable energy is fundamentally constrained by the Hillas criterion...
Earth’s albedo is fundamental to the planetary energy budget1. The Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH) contribute essentially equally to the planetary albedo—a remarkable yet puzzling phenomenon known as hemispheric albedo symmetry1,2,3,4,5,6. Although such symmetry is rare, it is not unique7. Nevertheless, other symmetry pairs have remained unexplored, despite...
A key challenge in addressing the antibiotic resistance crisis is identifying new antimicrobial compounds1. Although natural products produced by fungi and bacteria, particularly actinomycetes, have been the source of most antibiotics discovered over the past 80 years, they have fallen out of favour owing to the frequent rediscovery of known drug scaffolds2. The current...
Resting heart rate (RHR) is a key biomarker of cardiovascular health and mortality1,2,3, but passively tracking it longitudinally generally requires a wearable device, limiting its availability. Here we present passive heart-rate monitoring (PHRM), a deep-learning system that uses facial video-based photoplethysmography for passive measurements of heart rate (HR) and RHR during...
Recent discoveries of faint active galactic nuclei (AGN) at the redshift frontier have revealed a plethora of broad Hα emitters with optically red continua, named little red dots (LRDs)1, which comprise 15–30% of the high-redshift broad-line AGN population2. Owing to their peculiar properties3,4,5,6, modelling LRDs with standard AGN scenarios has proven challenging. In particular...
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is considered for achieving the long-term temperature objectives of the Paris Agreement and national net-zero emission targets1,2,3,4,5. The durability of these CDR methods varies widely, ranging from decades to theoretically permanent6. Temporary CDR dominates present deployment, whereas permanent solutions face further feasibility and cost...
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a vital sugar and bioenergy crop with an exceptionally complex polyploid genome (10–12 sets of chromosomes). This complexity resulted from nobilization—a historical breeding process involving interspecific hybridization and repeated backcrossing1. However, the extreme ploidy has long impeded efforts to elucidate the genetic basis of its considerable...
Accumulation of mutant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy is among the strongest signatures of ageing1. Here we investigated the underlying mechanism by calling mtDNA sequence, mtDNA abundance and mtDNA heteroplasmic variants in human blood using whole-genome sequences from approximately 750,000 individuals. We observed that mtDNA single-nucleotide variants (mtSNVs...
Brain regions that regulate motivated behaviours, including the vertebrate hypothalamus and arthropod cerebrum, house bespoke neural circuits dedicated to perceptual and internal regulation of many behavioural states1,2. These circuits are built to purpose from complex sets of cell types whose patterning has been challenging to elucidate. Here we developed methods in Drosophila...