Exercise-induced hypohydration exacerbates biomarkers of renal injury, but studies isolating the effects of hypohydration without exercise have produced mixed findings. This study investigated the effects of 24-h severe fluid restriction on biomarkers of renal injury and glucose tolerance. Fifteen males (age: 27 ± 5 y; BMI: 24.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2) completed two randomised trials...
Our objective was to explore how the potential for energy transfer between the ankle and knee joint via the biarticular gastrocnemii muscles is modulated during unpredictable and adapted trip-like and drop-like gait perturbations. Using kinematic parameters of the ankle and knee joints, the energy transfer potential between the two joints was determined as the fraction of contact...
We examined the effect of 12 h of fluid deprivation before, and three different rehydration strategies (none, fixed volume, and ad libitum drinking) after exercise on post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in 12 normotensive Asian men. The participants underwent four experimental trials, comprising euhydration (Eu), dehydration only (De), dehydration with fixed fluid intake (De + Fixed...
The pharmacokinetic profile of oral contraceptives (OCs) results in an acute, transient increase in circulating synthetic reproductive hormones. This study aimed to assess the acute effects of OC ingestion on cognitive function, substrate metabolism and exercise performance. Sixteen combined OC users ingested either their OC or placebo (PLA) in a randomised, double-blind...
This study aimed to examine the effects of a single dose of a betalain-rich concentrate (BRC) on determinants of running performance and recovery lactate clearance. In this a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, 17 male recreational runners (Age: 19.0 ± 1.0 years; Height: 176.8 ± 6.2 cm; Weight: 70.62 ± 8.1 kg; Body fat: 12.8 ± 0.03%; VO2max: 58.9 ± 8.6...
Runners with Achilles tendinopathy have reduced neural drive to the gastrocnemius lateralis. Positioning feet-inwards (feet-in) can influence gastrocnemii activity in healthy individuals. Therefore, this study investigated if pointing (feet-in) during isometric plantarflexion would increase gastrocnemius lateralis electromyography root mean square amplitude (RMS) and motor unit...
This study assessed the test–retest reliability of TMS motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and silent periods at early, middle, and late phases of the rising time–torque curve during explosive voluntary contractions. We also investigated how the number of consecutively averaged measurements influenced reliability. On two separate occasions 3–7 days apart, 14 adults performed several...
To investigate the limb-specific blood flow regulation during dynamic bilateral cycling exercise in individuals with traumatic single lower-limb amputation compared to a control group. Seven individuals with single lower leg amputation (AMP) (37 ± 11 years, 11 ± 8 years since amputation) and 7 age-matched controls (Ctrl) (36 ± 10 years) were tested during three 5 min constant...
Physiological resilience or durability is now recognised as a determinant of endurance performance such as road cycling. Reliable, ecologically valid and standardised performance tests in laboratory-based cycling protocols have to be established to investigate mechanisms underpinning, and interventions improving durability. This review aims to provide an overview of available...
Heat therapy is recognised to promote cardiovascular health, and whilst most recent heat therapy investigations have focussed on continuous heat exposure, traditional sauna use often includes recovery periods. This study compared the acute effects of continuous versus intermittent whole-body heating on cardiovascular function markers in males and females. Twenty healthy...
This study tested the hypothesis that females engage in cool seeking behavior to a greater extent during passive heating compared to males. 27 healthy participants (14 males) underwent two trials of 50 min lower leg passive heating with (Fan trial) and without the fan (No fan trial) in a 27 °C, 50% relative humidity environment. In the Fan trials, participants were allowed to use...
Apart from objectivity and validity, reliability is considered a precondition for testing within scientific works, as unreliable testing protocols limit conclusions, especially for practical application. Classification guidelines commonly refer to relative reliability, focusing on Pearson correlation coefficients (rp) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). On those, the...
Previous studies examining the effects of cluster sets (CS) compared to traditional sets (TS) protocols on muscle hypertrophy have primarily equated to volume load. This inevitably has resulted in a lower number of repetitions performed in TS compared to CS, thereby leading to a suboptimal hypertrophic stimulus. The present study aimed to compare the impact of CS and TS protocols...
Mader’s mathematical model, widely employed for endurance performance prediction, aims to accurately represent metabolic response to exercise. However, it traditionally overlooks dynamic changes in metabolic processes at varying movement velocities. This narrative review examined the effect of cycling cadence on its key input parameters, including oxygen demand per Watt ( $$\text...
Skeletal muscle shear elastic modulus is a non-invasive surrogate for early detection of muscle damage and soreness consequent to unaccustomed eccentric muscle work. We investigated the influence of marathon distance running on skeletal muscle shear elastic modulus. Shear modulus of the rectus femoris was measured via ultrasound shear wave elastography in 80 participants (30...
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of prolonged aerobic exercise on cardiac, muscular and renal inflammatory markers in a group of trained obese men. Seventeen men (aged 40 ± 6 years; body mass index [BMI] 31.3 ± 2.8 kg m−2, maximal oxygen uptake [V’O2max] 41.5 ± 5.6 ml kg−1 min−1) ran a half, 30 km, or full marathon. Troponin I (cTnI), the n-terminal creatine...
This study investigated elite German athletes to (1) assess their serum 25(OH)D levels and the prevalence of insufficiency, (2) identify key factors influencing serum 25(OH)D levels, and (3) analyze the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and handgrip strength. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 474 athletes (231 female), aged 13–39 years (mean 19.3 years), from ten...