An efficient and scalable method for the synthesis of 1,2,3-benzoxathiazole 2,2-dioxides and related five-membered cyclic sulfamates employing gaseous sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) in the presence of Et3N is described. The one-pot cyclization of 2-aminophenol derivatives proceeds at rt and tolerates a variety of substituents on the aromatic ring, including electron-withdrawing groups...
Practical, tens-of-grams-scale access to 2-oxaadamantan-1-amine and 2-oxaadamantan-1-ol – two overlooked heteroadamantane building blocks of interest for medicinal chemistry – has been achieved through optimization and scale-up of existing literature protocols. The key precursor, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-dione, and both target compounds are obtained in good overall yields using...
Practical, multi-gram routes to three med-chem-relevant partially saturated furo[3,2-c]- and furo[2,3-c]annulated N-heterocycles are described. The key β‑(furyl)ethylamine intermediates were accessed via DPPA-mediated Curtius rearrangement, replacing the traditional Henry/LAH sequence and eliminating stoichiometric metal-hydride reductions. The tetrahydrofuropyridine cores were...
The synthetic accessibility of fused pyridoazepane frameworks was investigated through a series of strategies designed to construct differently fused azepane systems. Several precursor designs enabling alternative ring-closure topologies were explored. A “lactam” pathway proved synthetically inaccessible under various conditions due to chemoselectivity issues and competing...
An optimized approach to the multigram synthesis of [(1R,2R,3S)-(+)-1,2-dimethyl-2,3-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)cyclopentyl]methanol (ROCKYPhos, CatASium I®), a camphor-derived chiral diphosphine ligand, has been developed. The key improvement in the synthetic scheme involved the oxidative cleavage of 3,9-dibromocamphor with V2O5 – HNO3 or NH4VO3 – Cu(NO3)2 – HNO3 system, which...
An approach to the synthesis of (±)-(1R,6R,7R)-2-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-7-ol, a promising amino alcohol building block for drug discovery, has been described. The method is based on [2+2] the cycloaddition of tert-butyl vinyl ether and a ketene generated in situ from a glutaric acid derivative, as well as the intramolecular lactam formation as the key steps. Although the [2+2...
A universal UV spectrophotometric method for determining amlodipine besylate in industrially manufactured and extemporaneously prepared medicinal products in the form of tablets, powders, and oral solutions has been developed and validated. The methodological concept is based on the use of a single analytical model applicable to various dosage forms and dissolution media without...
A practical and scalable cyclization method for the preparation of C4-functionalized isoxazolidine and pyrazolidine building blocks is described. The methodology is based on the use of commercially available 1,3-dihalide and protected hydroxylamine or hydrazine derivatives under unified NaH/DMF conditions, enabling direct assembly of both N,O- and N,N-heterocycles. The process is...
Di-, tetra-, and hexamethine merocyanine dyes bearing donor heterocyclic end groups of different electron-donating abilities and the 9H-fluorene-2,7-dicarbonitrile moiety as the acceptor end group have been synthesized. Their UV/Vis absorption spectra have been studied in solvents of varying polarity, and their electronic nature and vertical transitions have been investigated via...
Three thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazol-7-ium hexabromotellurates 1-3 were synthesized via the electrophilic heterocyclization of methallyl thioether precursors using a classical tellurium(IV) electrophilic reagent generated in situ from TeO2 and 1 M hydrobromic acid. The resulting salts were comprehensively screened for the antimicrobial activity against five clinically relevant...
The complexation of tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene-methyldimethylphosphine oxide (CMPO), tetrahydroxythiacalix[4]arene-methyldimethylphosphine oxide (TCMPO), and tetrapropoxycalix[4]arene-methyldiethylphosphine oxide (CEPO) with active pharmaceutical ingredients of antiviral drugs Remdesivir, Nevirapine, Vesatolimod, Bictegravir, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir in the water medium was...
An optimized biocatalytic oxidation protocol has been developed for the efficient conversion of benzylic and allylic alcohols into their corresponding aldehydes. The sustainable method uses lyophilized mycelia of Bjerkandera adusta white-rot fungus as a catalyst in the aqueous medium with 2-propanol (10% v/v) as a co-solvent, and operates under mild conditions to give high yields...
Chondroitin sodium sulfate is an anionic polysaccharide widely used in pharmaceutical practice as an active ingredient of mono- and multicomponent medicinal products, and its quantitative determination is an essential stage of the quality control. It has been found that the application of potentiometric titration with ion-selective electrodes can increase the accuracy and...
In this study, an optimized method for the synthesis of azaindoles was developed and successfully scaled up to a 100 g batch. Improved yields were observed when using electron-deficient azaheterocycles and substrates bearing electron-withdrawing substituents. 6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine was selected for further functionalization using a carbonylation protocol involving...
The interaction of enantiomerically pure N-tert-butylsulfinyl imines of trifluoropyruvate with diazomethane has been studied. It has been shown that there is the [3+2]-cycloaddition at the initial step with the formation of diastereomeric trifluoromethyltriazoline carboxylates in the ratio of 5.6:1. Treating the triazoline carboxylates with trifluoroacetic acid yielded optically...
The aim of the article is to present the results of the experimental study of leachables used as primary packaging for medical devices, namely injectable implants based on hyaluronic acid. For the study, a line of injectable implants with identical qualitative composition and differing quantitative hyaluronic acid content was used. When developing the research conditions, the...
The Ukrainian school of organic dye chemistry has long received worldwide recognition. Among the scientists whose achievements embody this success is Academician Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Ishchenko. Over more than half a century of fruitful research at the Department of Color and Structure of Organic Compounds of the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the National Academy of...
The host-guest complexation of cone-shaped calix[4]arene-hydroxymethylphosphonic acid (CPA) and calix[4]arene-hydroxymethyldimethylphosphine oxide (CPO) with active pharmaceutical ingredients of antiviral drugs Remdesivir, Nevirapine, Vesatolimod, and Bictegravir in the aqueous-organic mobile phase on a Zorbax CN column has been studied using RP HPLC method. By analyzing the...
A one-pot, stepwise method for the annelation of the 1,2,4-triazine core to the seven-membered 2,3-benzodiazepine ring via the interaction of the corresponding 2,3-benzodiazepin-1-yl- or 2,3-benzodiazepin-4-ylhydrazines with α-ketoesters has been developed. It has been found that a stepwise formation of an azomethine intermediate followed by solvent replacement and subsequent...
A method for obtaining Levosimendan suitable for industrial application has been developed. Two literature routes for the synthesis have been evaluated. It has been found that the use of enantiopure (R)-2-chloropropionyl chloride in the initial step is ineffective due to racemization at the stage of the synthesis based on the malonic ester. Instead, a reported method based on the...
The synthesis of pyrroles occupies a key place in synthetic organic chemistry due to the numerous biological properties of pyrrole derivatives, in particular antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer activities, etc. Therefore, pyrroles serve as building blocks in the creation of potential pharmaceuticals and also serve as the basis for the synthesis of...
The interaction of substituted nitrobenzenes containing activated halogen atoms (fluorine or chlorine) and the difluoromethoxy group with an aqueous solution of ammonia at high pressure and temperature of 80 - 160 °C was studied. It has been found that under the conditions studied, the difluoromethoxy group can be replaced by the amino group as a pseudohalogen. It has been shown...
Pd nanoparticles were deposited on two different grades of activated carbon – NORIT and CAW. In addition, these carbons were pre-treated with HNO3 or covered by polyaniline, and these modified carbons were used as carriers for the Pd deposition. The resulting materials were tested as catalysts for the hydrogenation of quinoline. The best-performing samples were further tested in...
Pyrazolines are an important class of heterocyclic compounds known for their biological activities, making them attractive objects for medicinal chemistry. This study investigated the regioselective [3+2]-cycloaddition of diazomethane with para-substituted styrenes featuring electron-withdrawing (EWG) and electron-donating (EDG) groups. Experimental results have demonstrated that...
Monosubstituted gem-difluorocyclopropenes undergo hydrolysis yielding cyclopropenones and acrylic acid derivatives. Herein, we investigate the reaction routes of hydrolysis for both aromatic and alkyl derivatives. The study supports the idea that the formation of a cyclopropenyl cation controls the reactivity of gem-difluorocyclopropenes, and aromatic substituents accelerate the...