Migration poses significant energetic challenges for migratory birds, during which both intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the gut microbiota alter substantially. While the temporal dynamics of gut microbiota in wild birds across migration seasons have garnered increasing attention, research on the seasonal variation in wild raptors remains limited despite their distinct...
In certain cephalopod species, two distinct symbiotic organs host large populations of microorganisms: the light organ, regulated by the daily cycle, and the accessory nidamental gland (ANG), regulated by the female reproductive cycle. While host-microbiota interactions in the light organ of the bobtail squid are well understood, the dynamics within the ANG remain largely...
Heat stress poses a significant challenge to dairy cattle, leading to adverse physiological effects, reduced milk yield, impaired reproduction performance and economic losses. This study investigates the role of the rumen microbiome in mediating heat resistance in dairy cows. Using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, we classified 120 dairy cows into heat-resistant (HR) and heat...
Prolonged exposure to cold stress in cattle increases basal energy consumption and impedes optimal production. Consequently, herds require adequate attention during cold, extended winters to alleviate cold stress and maintain profitability. This study investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (EO) on body weight (BW), well-being, blood parameters, and cecal microbiota...
The gut bacteriome influences host metabolic and physiological functions. However, its relationship with reproductive performance remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the gut bacteriome and reproductive performance in beef cattle, such as Japanese black heifers. Artificial insemination (AI) was performed after 300 days of age, and the number of AI...
The microbiota is implicated in several aspects of livestock health and disease. Understanding the structure and function of the poultry microbiota would be a valuable tool for improving their health and productivity since the microbiota can likely be optimized for metrics that are important to the industry such as improved feed conversion ratio, lower greenhouse gas emissions...
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in modulating various physiological and pathological processes through its metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which impact immune system development, gastrointestinal health, and brain functions via the gut-brain axis. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in gut microbiota composition, has been linked to neuroinflammatory and...
The gut microbiota exerts a critical influence on energy metabolism homeostasis and productive performance in avian species. Given the diminishing availability of arable land and intensifying competition for finite resources between livestock production and human populations, the agricultural sector faces dual imperatives to enhance productive efficiency while mitigating...
All animals harbor microbiomes, which are obtained from the surrounding environment and are impacted by host behavior and life stage. To determine how two non-mutually exclusive drivers - physical environment and social organization - affect an organism’s microbiome, we examined the bacterial communities within and around nests of harvester ants (Veromessor andrei). We collected...
Antibiotics and antiparasitics are essential tools in controlling infectious disease outbreaks in commercial aquaculture. While the negative effects of antimicrobials on the gut microbiome of various farmed fish species are well documented, the influence of underlying host factors, such as age, on microbiome responses remains poorly understood. This is especially evident for...
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) poses a persistent challenge in the beef cattle industry, impacting both animal health and economic aspects. Several risk factors make an animal susceptible to BRD, including bacteria such as Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis. Despite efforts to characterize and quantify these bacteria in the...
Nutrients are one of the key determinants of gut microbiota variation. However, the intricate associations between the amino acid (AA) profile and the dynamic fluctuations in the gut microbiota and resistome remain incompletely elucidated. Herein, we investigated the temporal dynamics of AA profile and gut microbiota in the colon of pigs over a 24-hour period, and further...
Diarrhea is usually observed in newborn Hu lambs, while severe diarrhea may lead to the stunted growth and even death in lambs, necessitating the common practice of antibiotic administration to newborns. In order to explore the application of the effective probiotics and/or prebiotic treatment in animal feed to lessen the recline on antibiotics, 27 newborn of Hu lambs were...
Methane emissions from livestock, particularly from dairy cattle, represent a significant source of greenhouse gas, contributing to the global climate crisis. Understanding the complex interactions within the rumen microbiota that influence methane emissions is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies. This study employed Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis...
Microbial seeding in early life is critical for the host’s short- and long-term health, and the mother is the first source of bacteria for the newborn. The objective of this study was to characterize the maternal fecal, vaginal, and colostral microbiotas in the canine species one day after parturition and to evaluate the relationship between the microbial profiles of 36 dams and...
The enteric myxozoan parasite Enteromyxum leei is an important problem in gilthead seabream aquaculture invading the intestinal epithelium and leading to chronic intestinal inflammation, poor food conversion rates, cachexia, and mortalities, with no treatments available, resulting in significant economic losses. It is known that myxozoan infections are affected by factors such as...
Bats are extraordinary mammals. They have evolved to consume various dietary sources, such as insects, fruits, nectar, blood, and meat. This diversity has generated considerable interest in the scientific community, resulting in efforts to leverage bats as model organisms to study the correlation between diet and gut microbiome community. Although such studies now commonly use...
Dynamic interspecific interactions and environmental factors deeply impact the composition of microbiotic communities in the gut. These factors intertwined with the host’s genetic background and social habits cooperate synergistically as a hidden force modulating the host’s physiological and health determinants, with certain bacterial species being maintained from generation to...
The development, progression, and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are determined by interlinked human, animal, and environmental drivers, which pose severe risks to human and livestock health. Conjugative plasmid transfer drives the rapid dissemination of AMR among bacteria. In addition to the judicious use and implementation of stewardship programs, mitigating...
Methane emission from enteric rumen fermentation is a main source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and a major concern for global warming. In this study, we isolated methanotroph-methylotroph consortium NC52PC from the rumen after a series of sub-culture and repetitive streaking on an agar plate and polycarbonate membrane filter. The NC52PC comprises methanotroph species...
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) affects up to 30% of piglets in a litter. Piglets exposed to IUGR prioritize brain development during gestation, resulting in a higher brain-to-liver weight ratio (BrW/LW) at birth. IUGR is associated with increased mortality, compromised metabolism, and gut health. However, the dynamic metabolic and microbial shifts in IUGR-affected pigs...
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains a significant health and economic problem to the dairy cattle industry. Multiple risk factors contribute to BRD susceptibility including the bacterial pathobionts Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis. Studies have characterized and quantified the abundance of these bacteria in the nasal...
Genome-resolved metagenomics, based on shotgun sequencing, has become a powerful strategy for investigating animal-associated bacterial communities, due its heightened capability for delivering detailed taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional insights compared to amplicon sequencing-based approaches. While genome-resolved metagenomics holds promise across various non-lethal...
Innovations to establish agricultural value chains utilising side streams and their reintegration into the feed and food supply are of great importance. Recyclates derived from biomass and waste are therefore becoming increasingly important as sources of nutrients. The larvae of the black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) demonstrate considerable potential as livestock feed...
There is a growing interest in uncovering the factors that shape microbiome composition due to its association with complex phenotypic traits in livestock. Host genetic variation is increasingly recognized as a major factor influencing the microbiome. The Iberian pig breed, known for its high-quality meat products, includes various strains with recognized genetic and phenotypic...