Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy, poses a formidable challenge due to its high metastatic potential and grim prognosis, but limited treatment options for UVM have prompted studies on immunotherapies. Cuproptosis is a recently discovered form of regulated cell death that has emerged as a potential regulator of the tumor microenvironment (TME...
Astragaloside (AST) has shown therapeutic potential against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit its clinical application. To overcome these challenges, we developed an AST-loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (AST@ZIF) using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) technology. This approach aimed to enhance...
Metastatic colorectal cancer is commonly treated with oxaliplatin. However, patients may develop resistance to treatment over time, and currently, there are no validated predictive biomarkers for this resistance. A differential analysis of the transcriptome and DNA methylome of colorectal cancer cell lines, classified by their varying IC50 values for oxaliplatin, revealed that...
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a prevalent and aggressive malignancy. While microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play a critical regulatory role in the occurrence and progression of ESCC, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of miR-196a-5p on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of...
Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is crucial for improving patient survival. This innovative multi-center study aims to develop a non-invasive blood-based assay using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentomics to differentiate CRC from advanced colorectal adenomas and non-cancerous colorectal and other digestive diseases. A total of 167 CRC patients and 227 with benign...
This comprehensive review investigates the complex interactions between oncogenesis and stem cells, underscoring the crucial importance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, metastatic dissemination, and resistance to therapeutic interventions. CSCs constitute a distinct subset within neoplasms, defined by unique characteristics such as the ability to...
Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Distant metastasis is the primary driver of poor prognosis, and the formation of the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) represents a critical early event in this process. Tumor cells remodel the microenvironment of distant organs by releasing various factors, including exosomes, which create a favorable environment for...
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy, presenting challenges in accurately forecasting prognosis and immunotherapy response. This study endeavors to develop a robust gene signature to augment the prognostic prediction of HNSCC, and simultaneously uncover potential immunotherapy combination drug. Transcriptome data from...
Breast cancer (BC) development is significantly affected by the tumor microenvironment (TME), in which macrophage polarization plays a central role. Macrophages can assume pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes, with M1 macrophages suppressing and M2 macrophages facilitating tumor growth. Accumulating evidence indicates long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as...
Bladder cancer (BC) is among the ten most common malignant tumors worldwide. Tumor stem cells contribute significantly to postoperative recurrence and disease progression. Understanding stem cell interactions with other tissue cells and developing a prognostic model may improve BC management. Through single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified tumor stem cells in BC tissue. We...
To identify common and sex-specific phosphorylation dynamics during hepatocarcinogenesis in HrasG12V transgenic mice (Hras-Tg). We constructed a phosphoproteomic database using male/female (M/F) tumor (T), precancerous (P), and wild-type liver tissues (W) from Hras-Tg, validated via parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Comparative analysis and hierarchical clustering were employed...
Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide, with limited therapeutic options in advanced stages. Cannabinoids have recently attracted attention as potential anticancer agents; however, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound derived from Cannabis sativa, has emerged as the most promising candidate. Unlike Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD lacks...
Distal - less homeobox 4 (DLX4) is a transcription factor vital for embryonic development and shows pro - oncogenic properties in some hematological and solid tumors. In colorectal cancer (CRC), its molecular function and contributions to tumorigenesis remain to be explored. Using bulk, single - cell and spatial transcriptomics, we assessed DLX4’s clinicopathological significance...
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the poorest prognosis among the three major subtypes of breast cancer, and more than one-third of patients with TNBC experience recurrence or distant metastasis. Despite advances in diverse immunotherapy strategies for metastatic TNBC (mTNBC), multiple mechanisms underlying resistance to treatment remain unknown. In this study, the dynamic...
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a pivotal mechanism in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Concurrently, glycosylation, as a key post-translational modification, plays a critical role in regulating cell signaling, immune evasion, and metastasis. Although both processes are independently implicated...
Lung cancer is the second most prevalent type of cancer on a global scale, and is widely known for being the deadliest. Revealing the fundamental molecular mechanisms of this condition has the potential to unlock fresh possibilities and avenues for managing it. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of controlled cell death that distinguishes itself from traditional forms of...
Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Temozolomide (TMZ) represents a standard-of-care chemotherapeutic agent in glioblastoma (GBM). However, the development of drug resistance constitutes a significant hurdle in the treatment of malignant glioma. Elucidating the mechanisms of temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioma is of critical clinical importance...
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), also known as TNF-inducible gene 14 protein (TSG-14), exerts pleiotropic roles in inflammation, immune responses, and a myriad of cancers, but there is limited knowledge regarding the role of PTX3 in the metastasis of human osteosarcoma. Using RNA sequencing technology, transfection, western blotting, flow cytometry, and luciferase reporter, colony formation...
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system. Their multifaceted cytotoxic mechanisms, coupled with their capacity to modulate immunity through cytokine secretion, underscore their pivotal role in orchestrating the immune microenvironment within tumors. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the biological properties of NK cells, shedding light on...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an invasive malignant tumour for which few effective treatment options are currently available. Lenvatinib is a small-molecule inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases used for the treatment of patients with advanced HCC. Although lenvatinib has been proven effective in treating HCC patients, clinical data show that the response rate to...
Lung cancer treatment efficacy remains a challenge due to limited therapeutic targets. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme, a crucial enzyme linking the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain, is implicated in cancer metabolism. While existing compounds target metabolic diseases in vitro, SDH-targeted therapy for lung cancer remains elusive. We assessed SDH...
The Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) family of transcription factors plays a central role in regulating key cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and stress response. MEF2 activity is important for normal physiological development and tissue homeostasis, and its dysregulation has been implicated in a wide spectrum of disorders, including...