This study examines the determinants of informal employment in Bolivia by combining traditional econometric techniques, machine learning methods, and hybrid approaches. Using data from the 2022 and 2023 Household Surveys, we identify individual and household-level factors influencing the likelihood of being in informal employment. The results show that variables such as age...
This document analyzes the demand for dollars in Bolivia, emphasizing how individuals turn to foreign currencies as a refuge during periods of economic instability and devaluation expectations. Using the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL), the analysis incorporates key variables, including the M2 money supply, real interest rate, inflation, and devaluation expectations...
In recent years, digital marketing has grown significantly in Bolivia, being adopted by both individuals and businesses in their processes. Social media has improved the user experience by allowing the creation of varied content, facilitating communication and interaction. In Cochabamba, considered the country’s gastronomic capital, many companies in the sector, regardless of...
This paper explores the functioning of the repo market as a core mechanism for liquidity provision and short-term funding, combining international evidence with an analysis of the Bolivian case from 2014 through the first half of 2025. At the global level, repos have become foundational Instruments for collateral management and the transmission of monetary policy. In Bolivia, the...
This paper examines how loan portfolio heterogeneity shapes the build-up of systemic risk and the design of the countercyclical capital buffer (CCyB) in an emerging, bank-based economy. Using Bolivia as a case study, we show that a uniform CCyB calibrated on the credit-to-GDP gap fails to reflect banks’ differentiated sensitivity to the cycle and may induce moral hazard...
Sustainable finance is consistently gaining relevance in financial markets across the world including Bolivia, a country where more than seventy percent of the population live in urban areas. Even though municipalities should be a top destination of sustainable funding to address the country’s most urgent development challenges, they have struggled to access the local financial...
This study applies a qualitative, descriptive, and interpretative approach, using the semiotic method proposed by Umberto Eco [1] and Roland Barthes [2] to unravel the ideological discourses in colonial visual production. Through a decolonial perspective, based on Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui [3], and Walter Mignolo [4]. The research questions colonial power structures inscribed in...
High-rise residential architecture has been promoted in Cochabamba, Bolivia, as a strategy for sustainable urban growth in response to climate change. However, the actual effectiveness of this approach remains largely underexplored. This article critically analyzes the development of sustainable high-rise residential architecture from a technical-institutional perspective...
This study examines the influence of macroeconomic factors on mining exploration investment in Peru over the period 2000-2020. Annual time series were compiled from official sources for exploration investment, the gross domestic product (GDP) of metallic mining, the international copper price, and copper exports. Descriptive analysis reveals highly volatile exploration...
This article examines the role of socio-economic conditions in shaping empowerment, based on an ethnographic study conducted in 2022-2023 with three groups of indigenous women working in the tourism sector in El Alto, Bolivia: Cholitas Escaladoras, Cholitas Luchadoras, and female guides. The study shows that socio-economic structures contribute to both empowerment and...
This article addresses the problem of missing data in measuring multidimensional poverty, with particular attention to its impact on the axiomatic validity of the Alkire-Foster method, regularly used to measure this broad concept of poverty. It argues that the absence of data is not purely a technical problem prone to generating bias, but can also compromise the identification of...
Water scarcity in urban areas is a critical challenge, particularly in regions experiencing rapid urbanization. This study examines the implementation of graywater reuse systems in residential buildings in Cochabamba, Bolivia, under Municipal Law 211/2017. Through document analysis, surveys, and case studies of 60 buildings (2017-2024), findings reveal that only 46.6% adopted...
This study conducted a hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater in the Lower Valley of Cochabamba through physicochemical analysis, Piper diagram interpretation, estimation of the Water Quality Index (WQI), and evaluation of static water levels. The results show that most wells exhibit a coherent ionic balance. According to the WQI, water quality is generally rated as...
Bolivia, like other developing countries, faces the challenge of reducing its dependence on fossil fuels and moving toward a cleaner energy matrix. In this context, green hydrogen emerges as a viable alternative, although its implementation still requires local research. Countries such as Chile have already taken significant steps through policies like the National Green Hydrogen...
Within the context of communication for deaf individuals, the development of a formalized language and a compiler is presented, serving to facilitate the creation of animations for Bolivian Sign Language (LSB - from spanish: Lengua de Señas Boliviana) signs, and is adaptable for use in other sign languages. The system uses domain-specific language (DSL) that defines each sign as...
La logística de última milla representa un importante reto económico y medioambiental en los centros urbanos densos, sobre todo en las economías emergentes. En Bolivia, donde más del 92% de las transacciones minoristas se realizan a través de nanotiendas informales, las operaciones de transporte urbano para abastecer estos canales se ven obstaculizadas por calles estrechas...
Refrigeration is key to preserve food, reduce losses and improve the competitiveness of the productive sectors, especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This need is even more evident in countries such as Bolivia, where the lack of adequate refrigeration and storage systems limits the use of harvest peaks, generating seasonal overproduction and significant economic losses...
In Bolivia, natural gas represents about 80,31% of the energy matrix, being essential for electricity generation, industry, the residential sector and vehicular transport. To meet this demand, compressor stations play an essential role, however, all compressor stations in Bolivia operate by burning part of the same gas they transport, which reduces the efficiency of the system...
Efficient treatment of municipal wastewater faces challenges due to both the limitations of conventional technologies and rapid urban growth. To improve the quality of the secondary effluent from the Pucara wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Sacaba, coagulation-flocculation tests were conducted using aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) combined...
Cancer represents a significant global challenge due to its biological complexity, tumor heterogeneity, and the limitations of conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and certain immunotherapies, which often exhibit low specificity and considerable side effects. In this context, oncological bacteriotherapy has emerged as an innovative alternative within the...
The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between the digital competencies of secondary education teachers and the level of achievement of digital competence among students in Basic Regular Education institutions in the Tacna region, Peru, within the post-pandemic context. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative and qualitative...
This study presents a systematic review of 57 scientific publications from 2013 to 2024 focused on Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS) in Latin America. The objective is to identify the most commonly used technologies and analyze the challenges and opportunities these solutions face in urban, peri-urban, and rural contexts. The findings show that decentralized...
This article proposes a Derridean reading of the documentary Still Burn (2018) by Mauricio Alfredo Ovando, focusing on the film's exploration of family archives and the complex relationship between memory, history, and identity. By examining the filmmaker's confrontation with his grandfather's controversial past, Alfredo Ovando Candia, the film exposes the tensions between...
The article reconstructs various perspectives from the work of Hannah Arendt that facilitate the examination of modern subjectivity and its connection with the unfolding of capitalist society. In this endeavor, the analysis ventures into less explored areas of Arendtian thought, such as her examination of "introspection" in the early biography of Rahel Varnhagen, her...
Color in exterior architecture and the urban landscape is a key component that influences the aesthetic, emotional, and functional perception of cities. This article examines the chromatic patterns of façades in three Bolivian cities (Cochabamba, Quillacollo, and Sacaba), analyzing how socioeconomic, cultural, and economic informality dynamics shape their urban image. Through...