Facile synthesis of soybean phospholipid-encapsulated MoS2 nanosheets for efficient in vitro and in vivo photothermal regression of breast tumor

International Journal of Nanomedicine Dovepress open access to scientific and medical research O r i g in a l R e s e a r c h International Journal of Nanomedicine downloaded from https://www.dovepress.com/ by 54.37.163.172 on 12-Jul-2018 For personal use only. Open Access Full Text Article Facile synthesis of soybean phospholipidencapsulated MoS2 nanosheets for efficient in vitro and in vivo photothermal regression of breast tumor This article was published in the following Dove Press journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine 29 April 2016 Number of times this article has been viewed Xiang Li 1 Yun Gong 2,3 Xiaoqian Zhou 1 Hui Jin 1 Huanhuan Yan 1 Shige Wang 2 Jun Liu 1 Department of Breast-Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 3Shanghai Publishing and Printing College, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China 1 Introduction Correspondence: Shige Wang College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Number 334 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, People’s Republic of China Tel +86 21 6571 0384 ext 327 Email Jun Liu Department of Breast-Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Number 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China Tel +86 21 6324 0090 Email Although currently available cancer therapy strategies such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been extensively applied to clinically treat malignant tumors, cancer is still one of the fatal diseases worldwide.1,2 The three aforementioned cancer-treating methods always have various shortcomings such as wounds or damage to patients,3 multidrug resistance,4,5 or radioresistance.6,7 To date, it remains a great challenge to develop a novel therapeutic approach with high antitumor efficacy in a minimally invasive manner. Near-infrared (NIR) laser-induced tumor photothermal therapy (PTT) has been deemed as a minimally invasive or noninvasive antitumor approach.8,9 PTT uses NIR laser, which has a high tissue-penetrating ability, as the energy source, and nanomaterial, which can absorb and convert NIR laser into heat as photothermal agent (PTA), to raise the local temperature of tumor and ablate tumor tissue.10,11 MoS2 nanosheet, a member of the two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide, has found diverse applications in tumor PTT. MoS2 nanosheets can be either “top–down” exfoliated12–15 or “bottom–up” synthesized.16,17 Here, we report a facile 1819 submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com International Journal of Nanomedicine 2016:11 1819–1833 Dovepress © 2016 Li et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S104198 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Abstract: Two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheet has been extensively explored as a photothermal agent for tumor regression; however, its surface modification remains a great challenge. Herein, as an alternative to surface polyethylene glycol modification (PEGylation), a facile approach based on “thin-film” strategy has been proposed for the first time to produce soybean phospholipid-encapsulated MoS2 (SP-MoS2) nanosheets. By simply vacuum-treating MoS2 nanosheets/ soybean phospholipid/chloroform dispersion in a rotary evaporator, SP-MoS2 nanosheet was successfully constructed. Owing to the steric hindrance of polymer chains, the surface-coated soybean phospholipid endowed MoS2 nanosheets with excellent colloidal stability. Without showing detectable in vitro and in vivo hemolysis, coagulation, and cyto-/histotoxicity, the constructed SP-MoS2 nanosheets showed good photothermal conversion performance and photothermal stability. SP-MoS2 nanosheet was shown to be a promising platform for in vitro and in vivo breast tumor photothermal therapy. The produced SP-MoS2 nanosheets featured low cost, simple fabrication, and good in vivo hemo-/histocompatibility and hold promising potential for future clinical tumor therapy. Keywords: soybean phospholipid, MoS2 nanosheets, in vivo, photothermal regression, breast tumor Dovepress Li et al  6R\EHDQSKRVSKROLSLG 1,5 GLD WLR LUUD Q 5RWDU\HYDSRUDWRU International Journal of Nanomedicine downloaded from https://www.dovepress.com/ by 54.37.163.172 on 12-Jul-2018 For personal use only. 0R6 Figure 1 Schematic illustration of the preparation of SP-MoS2 nanosheets and in vivo PTT. Abbreviations: PTT, photothermal therapy; NIR, near-infrared; SP-MoS2, soybean phospholipid-encapsulated MoS2. “thin-film” approach to producing soybean phospholipidencapsulated MoS2 nanosheets (SP-MoS2). Soybean phospholipid is a very common polymer, which can be obtained on a large scale. Soybean phospholipid and MoS2 nanosheet can be readily dissolved or dispersed in chloroform and can form a homogenous dispersion. After vacuum-treating the dispersion in a rotary evaporator, the volatile chloroform will completely evaporate and the soybean phospholipid can be simply coated on the surface of MoS2 nanosheets (as shown in Figure 1). The excess soybean phospholipid chains that were not encapsulated on the MoS2 surface can be easily washed using water or saline. Owing to the steric hindrance of polymer chains, the surface-decorated soybean phospholipid chains could confer MoS2 nanosheets with excellent colloidal stability in physiological environment. The constructed SP-MoS2 nanosheet showed good photothermal conversion performance and photothermal stability and was employed as PTA for highly efficient in vitro and in vivo PTT against breast tumor. To better illustrate the clinical translational potential, the cyto-, hemo-, and histocompatibility were systematically studied. Experimental design Materials Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate ([NH4]2MoS4) was bought from J&K Scientific Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, People’s Republic of China). Soybean phospholipid was purchased from SigmaAldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). Monoethanolamine was bought form Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., (Shanghai, People’s Republic of China). Mouse fibroblasts (L929) and murine breast cancer (4T1) cells were purchased from the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Shanghai, People’s Republic of China). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s 1820 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com Dovepress Medium (DMEM), (...truncated)