POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES OBSERVED IN NEVŞEHİR PROVINCE IN LONG ANNUAL TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL CHANGING

Eurasscience Journals Eurasian Journal of Forest Science (2015) 3(2): 19-27 POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES OBSERVED IN NEVŞEHİR PROVINCE IN LONG ANNUAL TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL CHANGING M. Cüneyt Bağdatlı1*, KorkmazBellitürk2, Anahita Jabbari3 1* The University of Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Biosystem Engineering, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkey, e-mail: 2 Namık Kemal University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 59030, Tekirdağ, Turkey 3 Urmia University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Water Engineering, İran Abstract This study is performed in Nevşehir province at central Anatolian parts of Turkey. The aim of the current study was to investigate the yearly changes of rainfall and temperature climatic parameters in the long data period from 1975 up to 2014 years. The total of 40 years precipitation and temperature monthly data were first separated and classified seasonally and then were assessed by Mann-Kendall and Spearman Rho tests. The long term average of monthly rainfall data was recorded about 421 mm and the average temperature amount was calculated 20.9 °C for summer months. The maximum and minimum temperature values in summer months were recorded 33.5 °C and 7.7 °C respectively. The study was performed on long term rainfall and temperature data sets in order to investigate the transformations effects on soil and water resources, and that was obvious the rainfall data did not follow an increasing slope within different years, but a serious additive trend was observed in the average, maximum and minimum long term temperature amounts. Moreover along with the increasing temperature rate at the region, the growing surface water vaporing was recorded. The gradual reduction of rainfall amounts causes some difficulties in solution and absorption of fertilizer nutrient elements by plants and in addition leads to unsufficient amounts of soil moisture in dry farming lands. Key words: Temperature , rainfall, soil and water resources , Nevşehir Özet Bu çalışma Türkiye'nin İç Anadolu Bölgesi'nde yeralan Nevşehir ilinde 1975-2014 yılları arasında gözlenen uzun yıllık yağış ve sıcaklık verilerinin yıllar bazındaki değişim seyrini ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplamda 40 yıllık yağış ve sıcaklık verileri mevsimsel bazda kendi içlerinde gruplandırılarak Mann-Kendall ve Sperman'ın Rho testine tabi tutulmuştur. Bölgede uzun yıllık ortalama toplam yağış miktarının 421 mm civarında seyrettiği veortalama sıcaklık değerinin ise yaz aylarında ortalama 20.90C olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte özellikle yaz aylarındaki ortalama minimum sıcaklık değerlerinin 7.7 0C civarında seyrettiği ve ortalama maksimum sıcaklık değerlerinin ise 33.5 0C olduğu saptanmıştır. Uzun yıllar bazında değerlendirilen sıcaklık ve yağış verilerinin toprak ve su kaynakları üzerine olan etkilerinin incelendiği bu çalışmada, yağışların artış eğiliminde olmadığı ancak ortalama, minimum ve maksimum sıcaklık değerlerinde ciddi artış trendlerinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Özellikle bölgede sıcaklığın artması ile birlikte su kaynaklarındaki açık yüzey buharlaşma miktarlarının arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Yağışların giderek azalması topraklara uygulanan kimyasal gübrelerin çözünmesine ve bitkiler tarafından kolayca alınmasına ortam oluşturamadığı ve özellikle kuru tarım yapılan yöre topraklarında uygun nem miktarının bulunamamasına zemin hazırladığı görülmüştür. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sıcaklık, Yağış, Toprak ve Su Kaynakları, Nevşehir eurasscience.com 19 Possible Effects on Soil and Water Resources – Bağdatlı et al. (2015)3(2):19-27 INTRODUCTION Both the global reduction of farming lands and population growth rate along with the climate change phenomenon will cause lots of problems for worldwide food supply and we will face numerous nutritional problems in the near future. By gradually reaching to the 8 billion population on the earth, the mankind is really in challenge to provide the growing population food needs. The uncontrolled transformations of climatic parameters such as temperature and rainfall affect the agricultural productions in a negative way. Some of those negative effects are as follows: the increment of soil salinity, changes in pH amounts, the erosion of soil by water, nitrogen leaching and etc. The environmental conditions along with climate change are so important for the future life of mankind and they should be followed consciously and some considerations might be mentioned if is required. Sometimes precipitation and temperature might have negative effects on soil, crop, water and weather. Both the climate change related transformations, especially in rainfall and temperature, or the humankind interferences in environment, may have a side effect which should not be ignored. It should not be disregarded that increasing the oxygen amount means decreasing the CO2, which is possible by more production of plants. Along with the increasing effect of fertilizers on the crop production, the harmful effects of them on environmental condition should not be ignored at all (Karaçal 2004).The evaluation of all climatic, soil and water parameters should be done in order to improve the quality and quantity of plant production practices. In addition of soil mechanical support for plants, it provide plant with nutrient elements and water to. There is a close relationship between soil and plant. The efficient and alive soil system is really a dynamic place which includes organic materials in different various levels, minerals, water and air. One of the most important and effective factors in shaping up the efficient soils is climatic parameters. eurasscience.com In order to save soil and water resources and take appropriate on time decisions, it is so vital to monitor and evaluate the climate conditions. The increment of greenhouse gasses emissions in atmosphere along with the global warming and the changes of temperature and precipitation regimes, have lots of negative effects on agricultural crop production. The increasing rate of temperature together with growing surface evaporation rate of water resources especially from the scares ones, cause the gradual elimination of such resources. The reducing trend of rainfall amounts along with temperature increment disturb the soil natural cycle and its distribution. In the current study, the observation period of 1975-2014 years have been selected in order to investigate the changes in temperature and precipitation and its unwanted effects on soil and water resources in Nevşehir province. MATERIALS AND METHODS The long period temperature and rainfall data sets of Nevşehir were assessed, the study site can be seen in figure (1). Figure 1. The location of the study area on Turkey. The Nevşehir province with the area about 5,392 km2 is located at the central Anatolian Turkey which includes 8 residential places together with central part. The livelih (...truncated)