Paracaryum bingoelianum (Boraginaceae), a new species from Turkey

Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2015) 39: 334-340 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/bot-1309-58 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ Research Article Paracaryum bingoelianum (Boraginaceae), a new species from Turkey 1 2, Lütfi BEHÇET , Ahmet İLÇİM * Department of Biology, Science and Letters Faculty, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey 2 Department of Biology, Science and Letters Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey 1 Received: 26.09.2013 Accepted: 17.07.2014 Published Online: 16.03.2015 Printed: 10.04.2015 Abstract: Paracaryum bingoelianum Behçet & İlçim is described as a new species. It is confined to Bingöl in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Paracaryum bingoelianum is closely similar to P. cristatum subsp. cristatum and P. kurdistanicum. It mainly differs from them in that it has a shrub-like woody base and numerous stems with sterile shoots, longer corolla, and bigger nutlets. The diagnostic characters are discussed and taxonomic comments are presented. Seed and pollen characteristics were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Notes on its ecology are also presented. A distribution map of the new and related species is provided. Key words: Paracaryum, taxonomy, Flora, Turkey 1. Introduction Boraginaceae is one of the largest angiosperm families, comprising approximately 100 genera and almost 2000 species distributed worldwide (Taia, 2006). The species of the family occur in dry, open habitats, mountains valleys, and even in disturbed habitats. Members of the family are annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, or trees. Most of the family members have stiff hairs; inflorescence is cymose, the cymes being scorpioid or circinnate or rarely thyrsoid (Mill, 1979; Akçin et al., 2013). The genus Paracaryum (DC) Boiss. belongs to the tribe Cynoglosseae (Aytaç and Mill, 2005; Hilger et al., 2005). The new species described here belongs to Paracaryum subgenus Modestomattiastrum (Brand) R.R.Mill. The anthers are situated below the scale bases in this new species as in the subgenus Modestomattiastrum (Mill, 1977, 1979). The first thorough arrangement of the genus Paracaryum was given by Mill (1979), who recognized 27 species, 3 subspecies, and 4 varieties. Since then 1 new species, P. hedgei Aytaç & R.R.Mill of the subgenus Mattiastrum (Boiss.) R.R.Mill., has been identified from Turkey (Aytaç and Mill, 2005). According to Koca and Yıldırımlı (2010), the genus Paracaryum is represented in Turkey by 28 species, 1 subspecies, and 2 varieties. However, in the recent checklist of Flora of Turkey (Güner et al., 2012), the genus is represented by 28 species, 3 subspecies, and 4 varieties. The distribution of Paracaryum in neighboring countries is as follows: 9 species in the former USSR (Shiskin, 1953), 42 (17 Paracaryum, 25 * Correspondence: 334 Mattiastrum) in the Flora Iranica area (Riedl, 1967), 7 in Flora of Syria (Mouterde, 1966), and 1 in Flora Europaea (Ferguson, 1972). The species described in this paper was collected in Bingöl in Turkey in 2012 by Dr L Behçet. At first glance it resembled P. cristatum (Schreber) Boiss. subsp. cristatum and P. kurdistanicum (Brand) R.Mill. However, it differs considerably from them based on comparative morphological and palynological studies. Therefore, this study aims to describe a new species from Turkey in the genus Paracaryum. 2. Materials and methods The specimens were cross-checked with the keys provided by Mill (1979) and the Paracaryum accounts given in the relevant literature, including Flora Iranica (Riedl, 1967) and Flora of Syria (Mouterde, 1966). Specimens that were used for cross-checking were deposited at various Turkish herbaria (ANK, GAZI, HUB, and VANF). In the course of scanning electron microscopy studies, mature nutlets, seeds, and pollens were mounted using double-sided tape on SEM stubs and coated with gold in a Polaron SC502 sputter coater. They were examined with a JEOL JSM 5500 LV SEM at 5 kV at Mustafa Kemal University. 3. Results Paracaryum bingoelianum Behçet & İlçim sp. nova (Figures 1–6). BEHÇET and İLÇİM / Turk J Bot Figure 1. Habit of Paracaryum bingoelianum Behçet & İlçim (L. Behçet 8606). Figure 2. A- Flowering (L. Behçet 8606) and B- Fruiting sample (L. Behçet 8165) of Paracaryum bingoelianum C, D- Dissected corolla. 335 BEHÇET and İLÇİM / Turk J Bot Figure 3. Distribution map of Paracaryum bingoelianum (■), P. cristatum subsp. cristatum (▲), and P. kurdistanicum (●). Figure 4. General view of the pollen grain of P. bingoelianum (L. Behçet 8606) in equatorial view. Paracaryum bingoelianum: Type: Turkey. B8 Bingöl: SE of Genç, Şamdağı, NW rocky slopes, 1950–2000 m. 11.vii.2012, L. Behçet 8606 (in flower) (Holotype: Mustafa Kemal Univ. Herb. Isotypes: ANK, Bingöl Univ. Herb.). 3.1. Diagnoses: Paracaryum bingoelianum is closely similar to P. cristatum subsp. cristatum and P. kurdistanicum. P. bingoelianum mainly differs from those in that it has a shrub-like woody base and numerous stems with sterile shoots (not herbaceous and without sterile shoots as found in P. cristatum subsp. cristatum and P. kurdistanicum), longer corolla 11–15 mm (neither 3–6 mm long as in P. cristatum subsp. cristatum nor 6.5–11 mm as in P. kurdistanicum; Fig. 1C), bigger nutlets 15–18 × 15–18 mm (not 8–12.5 × 6.5–10 mm as in P. cristatum subsp. cristatum, and 10–10.7 × 8.5–9.5 mm as in P. kurdistanicum), and 336 styles 6–10 mm (neither 1.3–4.5 mm as in P. cristatum subsp. cristatum nor 2.3–4.3 mm as in P. kurdistanicum). 3.2. Description: Perennial, woody and branched at base, stems numerous, 11–25 cm, with 10–14-cm-long sterile shoots. Stems erect, simple to branched above. Basal leaves narrowly lanceolate-obovate, 6–8.5 × 0.5–0.8 cm, attenuating into long (1–3 cm) petiole, with sparse simple 0.5–1.5-mm-long hairs. Leaves on sterile shoots 30–81.5 × 2.5–8.5 mm. Stem leaves similar to basal ones, 1–5.5 × 0.3– 0.8 cm. Cymes terminal, 8–13-flowered, pedicels 1.5–10 mm in flower, 3–22 mm in fruit, with dense simple hairs, calyx 8–10 mm in flower, 11–13 mm in fruit, triangularoblong, obtuse, with simple long hairs, divided to 4/5. Corolla violet, 11–15 mm in length, tube whitish-violet, purple or violet, tube to 11 mm in length, limb to 4 mm in length, corolla lobes ovate, scales subquadrate, without appendage, notched, 1–1.5 × 1.5–1.8 mm, apex incurved, densely papillate (2C), filaments 0.5–0.8 × 0.2–0.3 mm, anthers 1.5–2 × 0.5 mm, anthers base borne below the scale bases, linear-oblong, style 6–10 mm in flower, usually included, later somewhat exserted, 9–14 mm in length in fruit. Nutlets suborbicular, 15–18 × 15–18 mm, disc 8–11 × 6–9 mm, ovate, with long and short glochids (Figure 5C). Nutlet wing 3–5 mm broad, dorsal surface with sparse glochids, margin cristate, teeth broad (Figure 5A). 3.3. Distribution and suggested conservation status and ecology Paracaryum bingoelianum is a local endemic species known in only 2 localities, B8: Genç District (Bingöl Province), East Anatolia (Figure 3 (...truncated)