Alstroemeriaceae en Perú y áreas vecinas

A LSTROEMERIACEAE IN P ERU Versión Online ISSN 1727-9933 Rev. peru. biol. 13(1): 005 - 069 (octubre 2006) © Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM ARTÍCULO DE REVISIÓN The Alstroemeriaceae in Peru and neighbouring areas Alstroemeriaceae en Perú y áreas vecinas Anton Hofreiter1 and Eric F. Rodríguez2 1 Ludwig-MaximiliansUniversität, Department Biologie I, Bereich Biodiversitätsforschung, Abteilung Systematische Botanik, Menzingerstraße 67, D-80638 München, Germany. Anton Hofreiter e-mail: 2 Herbarium Truxillense (HUT), Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Jr. San Martín 392, Trujillo, Perú, Eric F. Rodríguez e-mail: Presentado: 10/10/2005 Aceptado: 05/03/2006 Abstract The family Alstroemeriaceae with special emphasis in Peru is revised using morphological and distributional data. Species in this family were reinvestigated on the basis of all types, material housed in several herbaria and five field trips, each of which lasted several weeks, were undertaken to South America to study the plants in the field. The taxonomic and collection history of the genus is described and for each species the typical growth forms and their variability, habitat preferences and general distribution are discussed. A key to determine the species of Peru in English and Spanish is provided. The study area comprise five geographic units recognised: Amotape-Huancabamba-region (Ecuador, Peru), Cordillera Occidental (Peru), Cordillera Central (Peru), Cordillera Oriental (Bolivia, Peru) and the Altiplano (Bolivia, Peru). The family as here circumscribed comprises two species of Alstroemeria and 68 species of Bomarea, of these 68 species 43 species are members of subgenus Bomarea, 9 species of subgenus Sphaerine and 16 of the subgenus Wichuraea. The fourth and last subgenus into Bomarea genus denominated Baccata cannot be found in the area of this study. Six new species to science of Bomarea are described: B. amazonica, B. libertadensis, B. lopezii, B. macusanii, B. pseudopurpurea, B. weigendii. Key words: Bomarea, Alstroemeria, Andes, revision, Peru, distribution. Resumen Key words: Bomarea, Alstroemeria, Andes, revisión, Perú, distribución. Introduction The Alstroemeriaceae recently comprise two genera: Alstroemeria L. (ca. 75 species) (Bayer 1987; Aker & Healy 1990, Muñoz & Moreira 2003) and Bomarea Mirb. (ca. 120). Dumortier (1829) established the family Alstroemeriaceae as part of his Iridarieae. Alstroemeria occurs from Central Peru to Patagonia at the western side of the continent and from Venezuela to Argentina on the eastern side, see table 1. They mostly prefer drier habitats to those of Bomarea, but in Brazil at least one species grows in swamps. The centres of diversity are the Mediterranean zone of Rev. peru. biol. 13(1): 005 - 069 (octubre 2006) Central Chile and the mountains of south eastern Brazil. Alstroemeria species are found between sea level and 4000 m. The genus can be divided into two groups the Brazilian and the Chilean group. The flowers of the Chilean group are more open than the Brazilian species, but there are several exceptions. Both of the Peruvian species fit into the Chilean group. Bomarea is distributed from Mexico in the north to Argentina/Chile in the south, see table 1. The genus is nearly restricted to the American cordillera. The centre of diversity is in the Andes of Ecuador and Peru. Bomarea occurs from the foot of the Andes up to 5200 m altitude. With the exception of swamps 5 http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BVRevistas/biologia/biologiaNEW.htm Las Alstroemeriaceae peruanas fueron revisadas por última vez por Killip (1936). Es necesaria una nueva revisión. Cinco viajes de campo de varias semanas cada uno fueron emprendidos a Sudamérica con el fin de estudiar las plantas in situ. En el presente trabajo se describe la historia taxonómica y colección de los géneros con especial énfasis en el Perú. El área descrita no considera fronteras políticas sino unidades geográficas de acuerdo a Baumann (1988), Berry (1982), Duellman (1979), Simpson (1975, 1979) y Weigend (2002). Se reconocen cinco unidades geográficas: Región Amotape-Huancabamba (Ecuador, Perú), Cordillera Occidental (Perú), Cordillera Central (Perú), Cordillera Oriental (Bolivia, Perú) y el Altiplano (Bolivia, Perú). Se brinda una clave taxonómica en inglés y español para determinar las especies del Perú. Para cada una de las especies se discute la forma típica de crecimiento y su variabilidad, preferencias de hábitat y distribución general. Se identifican las especies de Ruiz & Pavón (1802). Ellos describieron en su Flora de Chile y Perú 23 especies de Alstroemeria, 18 fueron de Perú, ahora 17 son incluidas en Bomarea, todas proceden de Perú. El género Bomarea está subdividido en 4 subgéneros: Baccata, Bomarea s. str., Sphaerine y Winchurea (Hofreiter & Tillich, 2002). Alstroemeria no es dividido en subgéneros, pero existen dos grupos reconocidos, Alstroemeria de Chile y Brasil. En el área de estudio se encuentran dos especies de Alstroemeria y 68 de Bomarea, de ellas 43 especies pertenecen al subgénero Bomarea, 9 especies al subgénero Sphaerine y 16 especies al subgénero Wichuraea. El subgénero Baccata no se encuentra en el área de estudio. Seis de las especies del género Bomarea son nuevas para la ciencia: B. amazonica, B. libertadensis, B. lopezii, B. macusanii, B. pseudopurpurea, B. weigendii. H OFREITER & R ODRÍGUEZ one can find Bomareas in nearly all types of habitats (Fig 7a). They grow in rain forests, cloud forests, hedges, deserts, between rocks, in moss cushions, even epiphytic and they have twining as well as erect growth types. The genus Bomarea is divided into four subgenera (Hofreiter & Tillich, 2002): Baccata, Bomarea s.str., Sphaerine and Wichuraea. The subgen. Wichuraea and Sphaerine have been revised (Hofreiter & Tillich, 2003; Hofreiter, 2005). The Cordilleras of Peru and adjacent areas are divided into 5 geographic regions according to Baumann (1988), Berry (1982), Duellman (1979), Simpson (1975, 1979) and Weigend (2002). The two regions with the most Bomarea species are the AmotapeHuancabamba-region (33 species) in southern Ecuador and northern Peru and the Cordillera Central (35) of Peru. Taxonomic and collection history of Alstroemeriaceae especially in Peru Feuillée (1714) discovered the first species of Bomarea and Alstroemeria in Chile. He described them as Hemerocallis. Linné (1762) described them formally in the Planta Alströmeria and named them Alstroemeria ligtu, A. pelegrina and A. salsilla. The first Peruvian species was described by Cavanilles (1791) as Alstroemeria ovata (Fig 1C). http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BVRevistas/biologia/biologiaNEW.htm Mirbel (1804) introduced the genus Bomarea with the species B. salsilla (L.) Mirb., B. ovata (Cav.) Mirb. and B. multiflora (L. f.) Mirb. Dombey, Ruiz & Pavón made the first extensive collection of Peruvian Alstroemeriaceae during their voyage from 1777 – 1788. The two French scientists Anne Robert Jacques Turgot (...truncated)