ADMINISTRATION OF EARLY POST-PARTUM ORLAN DRENCH IN DAIRY COWS: EFFECT ON METABOLIC PROFILE

http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfmvz.v62n3.54937 Rev Med Vet Zoot. 62(3), septiembre - diciembre 2015: 10-17____________________________________ Investigación Administration of early post-partum oral drench in dairy cows: effect on metabolic profile R. Schallenberger Gonçalves1, F. Cardoso, F. de Souza Guagnini2, L. J. Reyes Castañeda3, F. Gonzalez4 Artículo recibido: 26 de mayo de 2015 . Aprobado: 31 de julio de 2015 ABSTRACT Some prophylactic treatments have been proposed in high-yielding dairy cattle in order to minimize the effects of negative energy balance and some disturbances such as hypocalcaemia and ketosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two doses of Drench within 24 h after calving on the metabolic profile and prevention of ketosis. A total of 48 cows from a herd in Rio Grande do Sul state (southern Brazil) was used in the study. The animals were randomly selected and treated orally with Drench (N= 32, propylene glycol, electrolytes and choline in 40 L of water) and water (N= 16) used as control. Blood samples were collected by blood coccygeal venipuncture through a vacutainer plain system tubes. Biochemical determinations were performed in serum (albumin, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids -NEFA-, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, aspartate transaminase -AST- and gammaglutamyltransferase -GGT-) and a cow-side determination of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was performed using the Abbot blood Precision Xtra system. All cows in the experiment had their milk production controlled. The Drench treatment produces a tendency to a better milk yield (32.5 vs 29.6 L/cow/day) and helps to prevent subclinical ketosis, as indicated by a lesser prevalence of subclinical ketosis (29.7% vs 37.2%) and mean values of BHB (1.19 vs 1.27 mmol/L) as well as a lesser lipolysis as indicated by NEFA values (509 vs 1.560 µmol/L). The other components of the metabolic profile did not have substantial effects between treatments. In short, on the conditions of the present work, the Drench treatment is an effective management tool for prevention of subclinical ketosis and severe lipolysis. Key-words: beta- hydroxybutyrate, ketosis, NEFA, prevention. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, USA. Cooperativa Santa Clara, Brasil. 3 Universidad de Los Llanos, Colombia. 4 Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 Agronomia - Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil * Autor para correspondencia: 1 2 10 Schallenberger Gonçalves et al. Administración oral de drench en el posparto temprano en vacas lecheras: efecto sobre el perfil metabólico Investigación____________________________________ Rev Med Vet Zoot. 62(3), septiembre - diciembre 2015: 10-17 Administración oral de drench en el posparto temprano en vacas lecheras: efecto sobre el perfil metabólico RESUMO Alguns tratamentos profiláticos têm sido propostos em vacas leiteiras de alta produção a fim de minimizar os efeitos do balanço energético negativo e alguns distúrbios como hipocalcemia e cetose. Os objetivos desse estudo foram avaliar os efeitos da administração de duas doses de Drench em até 24 h depois do parto sobre o perfil metabólico e a prevenção da cetose. Um grupo de 48 vacas de um rebanho no Rio Grande do Sul foi usado no estudo. Os animais foram selecionados aleatoriamente e tratado oralmente com Drench (N= 32, propileno-glicol, eletrólitos e colina em 40 L de água) e água (N= 16) usado como controle. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas por punção venosa coccígea, através do sistema vacutainer, em tubos sem anticoagulante. Foram realizadas determinações bioquímicas no soro (albumina, ureia, colesterol, triglicerídeos, ácidos graxos não esterificados -NEFA-, cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, aspartato aminotransferase -AST- e gama-glutamil-transferase -GGT-), e na propriedade, ao pé da vaca, foi feita a determinação do beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB) no sangue com o sistema Abbot Precision Xtra. Todas as vacas do experimento tiveram sua produção leiteira controlada. O tratamento com Drench causou tendência a uma melhor produção de leite (32.5 vs 29.6 L/vaca/dia) e ajudou a prevenir a cetose subclínica, como indicou a menor prevalência (29.7% vs 37.2%) e menores médias de BHB (1.19 vs 1.27 mmol/L) bem como menor lipólise, indicado pelos valores de NEFA (509 vs 1.560 µmol/L). Os demais componentes do perfil metabólico não tiveram efeitos substanciais entre os tratamentos. Em suma, nas condições do presente trabalho, o tratamento com Drench pode ser considerado eficaz como ferramenta para a prevenção de cetose subclínica e da lipólise severa. Palavras-chave: ácidos graxos não-esterificados, beta-hidroxibutirato, cetose, prevenção. INTRODUCTION The transition period in dairy cows, comprising the period from 21 days before to 21 days after calving, is characterized by a great metabolic stress associated to a 30% reduction in feed intake and an increase in nutritional requirements and lipomobilization (Drackley et al. 2001). This period is considered of high risk to develop metabolic disorders which compromise the cow’s health (Herdt et al. 2000). These events may induce energy, protein and mineral deficiencies which frequently result in disorders like hypocalcemia, puerperal hemoglobinuria and ketosis (Cameron et al. 1998). In dairy cows, blood concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) have been considered sensitive indicators of severe negative energy balance (NEB) (Suthar et al. 2013). Many studies have demonstrated that high blood concentrations of these metabolites are related to the onset of several metabolic diseases (LeBlanc et al. 2005, Ospina et al. 2010a), and also to decreased productividy (Duffield et al. 2009) and reproductive failure (Walsh et al. 2007, Ospina et al. 2010b). Some prophylactic treatments have been proposed in order to minimize the effects of NEB and to prevent some di- Schallenberger Gonçalves et al. Administration of early post-partum oral drench in dairy cows: effect on metabolic profile 11 Rev Med Vet Zoot. 62(3), septiembre - diciembre 2015: 10-17____________________________________ Investigación sorders like hypocalcemia, ketosis and perinatal diseases (Studer et al. 1993, Goff and Horst 1994), with the aim of obtaining adequate milk yield and reproductive performance (Miyoshi et al. 2001). An important prophylactic strategy to prevent puerperal disorders in dairy cows is the use of a “Drench” (a mixture of electrolytes, glucose precursors and calcium), which increases serum calcium levels, and minimizes the energy deficiency, rehydrates the animal and corrects probable hydro-electrolytic and acid-base imbalances (Enemark et al. 2009, Pickett et al. 2003, Stokes and Goff 2001). The present study aimed at evaluating the early application of an oral Drench solution (immediately after calving and 24 h after) in relation to the metabolic profile and (...truncated)