Tipo de vínculo madre / hijo y desarrollo intelectual sensoriomotriz en niños de 6 a 15 meses de edad

Interdisciplinaria, Jan 2006

The main purpose of this study was to observe the influence of mother / child bonds on the sensorymotor intelligence in 6 to 15 month old babies. The sample was made up of 54 babies Argentinian, ranging from 6 to 15 months of both sexes, with their respective mothers (between 16 and 40 years old). Some of them were patients from the Centro de Salud Eva Perón (Strobel, Prov. de Entre Ríos), from the Sanatorio Adventista del Plata (Libertador San Martín, Prov. de Entre Ríos), and others were members of the Iglesia Adventista (San Justo, Prov. de Buenos Aires). The criteria used to include the babies in our study was that they be healthy. Furthermore, other aspects under evaluation were: (a) months of breastfeeding, (b) months of gestation, (c) birth order, (d) mother's age, (e) mother's work outside the home and (f) mother's education level. To analyze the relationship between the mother / child bond and the baby's intelligence the following instruments were applied: (a) Escala Argentina de Inteligencia Sensorio- Motriz (EAIS) for 6 to 24 month old babies (Oiberman, Mansilla & Orellana, 2002), (b) Perfil de la Observación del Vínculo Madre-Bebé for 0 to 6 month old babies (Oiberman, 2001) and (c) Perfil de la Observación del Vínculo Madre-Bebé for 7 to 15 month old babies (Oiberman, 2001). The objectives of this study were the following: (1) To evaluate sensorymotor intelligence in babies ranging from 6 to 15 months using the EAIS. (2) To observe the mother / child bond when the baby is 0 to 6 months old (Oiberman, 2001). (3) To observe the mother / child bond when the baby is 7 to 15 months (Oiberman, 2001). (4) To evaluate how other variables related to the mother / child bond such as months of breastfeeding, months of gestation, birth order, gender, work and the mothers' education level, influence the babies' intelligence. (5) To promote a better bond between the mother and her baby. The results show no significant differences in the mother / child bond over the baby's intelligence percentile, even though we found a slight tendency. All babies with absent bonds (3 babies) had an intelligence level scoring less than 50 (min., 10 and 50). On the other hand, out of 14 babies with good bonds with their mothers, 10 had normal intelligence, and out of 37 babies with very good bonds with their mothers, 32 were considered to have normal intelligence. There were high significant differences in months of gestation over the kind of bond, and a significant difference was also found in the mother's education level over the mother / child bond. Birth order, months of breastfeeding, gender and whether or not the mother worked outside the home did not show significant differences over the mother / child bond. We also found a high significant influence in months of gestation over the baby's intelligence and a significant influence in months of breastfeeding over sensorymotor intelligence. Gender, birth order, the mother's education level and whether or not the mother worked outside the home did not have a significant influence over the baby's intelligence.

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Tipo de vínculo madre / hijo y desarrollo intelectual sensoriomotriz en niños de 6 a 15 meses de edad

T IPO DE VÍNCULO MADRE / HIJO Y DESARROLLO INTELECTUAL SENSORIOMOTRIZ EN NIÑOS DE 6 A 15 MESES DE EDAD GISELA MARIEL RODRÍGUEZ * Resumen Se estudió la incidencia del tipo de vínculo madre / hijo en el desarrollo de la inteligencia sensoriomotriz. La muestra estuvo integrada por 54 díadas de madre / bebé, argentinas con bebés de ambos sexos. Eran pacientes del Centro de Salud Eva Perón (Strobel, Prov. de Entre Ríos), del Sanatorio Adventista del Plata (Libertador San Martín, Prov. de Entre Ríos) y miembros de la Iglesia Adventista (San Justo, Prov. de Buenos Aires). Se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: (a) Escala Argentina de Inteligencia Sensorio-Motriz (de 6 meses a 2 años) (Oiberman, Mansilla & Orellana, 2002), (b) Perfil de la Observación del Vínculo Madre-Bebé (de 0 a 6 meses) de Oiberman (2001) y (c) Perfil de la Observación del Vínculo Madre-Bebé (de 7 a 15 meses) de Oiberman (2001). Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: tiempo de lactancia, tiempo de gestación, orden de nacimiento, género, ocupación y nivel de instrucción de las madres. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el percentil de inteligencia del bebé, en función del vínculo madre / hijo. Se observó una influencia altamente significativa del tiempo de gestación en el tipo de vínculo y una influencia significativa del nivel de instrucción de la mamá en el vínculo madre / bebé. El orden de nacimiento, la lactancia, el género y la ocupación * Licenciada en Psicopedagogía. Luis Saenz Peña 2463, (1640) Martínez. Provincia de Buenos Aires. República Argentina. La autora agradece los asesoramientos recibidos, a la Dra. Alicia Oiberman, Directora de tesis de licenciatura, en el marco teórico y a la Dra. María Cristina Richaud, en los aspectos metodológicos. INTERDISCIPLINARIA, 2006, 23, 2, 175-201 175 Rodríguez de la mamá no influirían significativamente en el vínculo madre / hijo. Se encontró una influencia altamente significativa del tiempo de gestación en la inteligencia de los bebés y una influencia significativa del tiempo de lactancia en la inteligencia sensoriomotriz. El género, orden de nacimiento, nivel de instrucción y ocupación de la mamá no influirían significativamente en la inteligencia del bebé. Palabras clave: Vínculo madre / hijo - Inteligencia sensoriomotriz - Nivel de instrucción de las madres - Lactancia - Gestación - Orden de nacimiento - Ocupación de la mamá. Abstract The main purpose of this study was to observe the influence of mother / child bonds on the sensorymotor intelligence in 6 to 15 month old babies. The sample was made up of 54 babies Argentinian, ranging from 6 to 15 months of both sexes, with their respective mothers (between 16 and 40 years old). Some of them were patients from the Centro de Salud Eva Perón (Strobel, Prov. de Entre Ríos), from the Sanatorio Adventista del Plata (Libertador San Martín, Prov. de Entre Ríos), and others were members of the Iglesia Adventista (San Justo, Prov. de Buenos Aires). The criteria used to include the babies in our study was that they be healthy. Furthermore, other aspects under evaluation were: (a) months of breastfeeding, (b) months of gestation, (c) birth order, (d) mother’s age, (e) mother’s work outside the home and (f) mother’s education level. To analyze the relationship between the mother / child bond and the baby’s intelligence the following instruments were applied: (a) Escala Argentina de Inteligencia SensorioMotriz (EAIS) for 6 to 24 month old babies (Oiberman, Mansilla & Orellana, 2002), (b) Perfil de la Observación del Vínculo Madre-Bebé for 0 to 6 month old babies (Oiberman, 2001) and (c) Perfil de la Observación del Vínculo Madre-Bebé for 7 to 15 month old babies (Oiberman, 2001). 176 INTERDISCIPLINARIA, 2006, 23, 2, 175-201 Inteligencia y vínculo madre-hijo (de 6 a 15 meses) The objectives of this study were the following: (1) To evaluate sensorymotor intelligence in babies ranging from 6 to 15 months using the EAIS. (2) To observe the mother / child bond when the baby is 0 to 6 months old (Oiberman, 2001). (3) To observe the mother / child bond when the baby is 7 to 15 months (Oiberman, 2001). (4) To evaluate how other variables related to the mother / child bond such as months of breastfeeding, months of gestation, birth order, gender, work and the mothers’ education level, influence the babies’ intelligence. (5) To promote a better bond between the mother and her baby. The results show no significant differences in the mother / child bond over the baby’s intelligence percentile, even though we found a slight tendency. All babies with absent bonds (3 babies) had an intelligence level scoring less than 50 (min., 10 and 50). On the other hand, out of 14 babies with good bonds with their mothers, 10 had normal intelligence, and out of 37 babies with very good bonds with their mothers, 32 were considered to have normal intelligence. There were high significant differences in months of gestation over the kind of bond, and a significant difference was also found in the mother’s education level over the mother / child bond. Birth order, months of breastfeeding, gender and whether or not the mother worked outside the home did not show significant differences over the mother / child bond. We also found a high significant influence in months of gestation over the baby’s intelligence and a significant influence in months of breastfeeding over sensorymotor intelligence. Gender, birth order, the mother’s education level and whether or not the mother worked outside the home did not have a significant influence over the baby’s intelligence. Key words: Kind of mother / child bond - Sensorymotor intelligence - Mother’s education level - Months of breastfeeding Months of gestation - Birth order - Mother works outside the home. INTERDISCIPLINARIA, 2006, 23, 2, 175-201 177 Rodríguez Introducción Para Piaget (2001) resulta innegable que la afectividad y la inteligencia están constantemente en íntima relación. No hay mecanismo cognoscitivo sin elemento afectivo y viceversa. Bion (1972) afirma que la relación del bebé con la mamá crea la matriz emocional necesaria para el desarrollo del pensamiento. Según Kalcheim de la Universidad de Jerusalén (Ciocchini, 2000, p. 28): “El desarrollo óptimo de las funciones perceptivas e intelectuales del niño depende de una variada y equilibrada estimulación durante los primeros meses de vida.” Los éxitos aparecen en términos del crecimiento personal posibilitado por un aprovisionamiento ambiental adecuado. Los bebés que no reciben un cuidado suficientemente bueno no se realizan a sí mismos. Los genes no bastan (Winnicott, 1987). El Diccionario Español Etimológico Academo, define inteligencia como la “facultad de conocer y entender” (Mateo, 1968, p. 339). Según Piaget (1973) solamente a través del funcionamiento se forman las estructuras de la inteligencia. El inicio del desarrollo de la inteligencia del bebé se sitúa entre los 6 y 9 meses. Esta etapa coincide con e (...truncated)


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Gisela Mariel Rodríguez. Tipo de vínculo madre / hijo y desarrollo intelectual sensoriomotriz en niños de 6 a 15 meses de edad, Interdisciplinaria, 2006, pp. 175-201, Volume 23, Issue 2,