Determination of Contribution of GDoFVA's Projects Implemented which is Purposed for Reducing Firewood Consumption (Case Study; West Mediterranean and Western Black Sea Regions)

10.31195/ejejfs.449151 Eurasian Journal of Forest Science 2019 7(1): 1-12 http://dergipark.gov.tr/ejejfs Determination of Contribution of Department of ForestVillage Relation’s Projects (DoFVR) Implemented which is Purposed for Reducing Firewood Consumption (Case Study; West Mediterranean and Western Black Sea Regions) Ufuk COŞGUN Karabuk University, Faculty of Forestry Department of Forestry Engineering, Karabuk/Turkey Corresponding author: Abstract Studies which assess the economical contributions of practices of Department of Forest Villages Relations (DoFVR) to the region or nation is of a limited number. In order for DoFVR to develop its policies, it is necessary to identify the economical contribution of its practices at the local, regional and national level. To create awareness of the economical dimensions of the DoFVR Solar Energy Systems practices, by assessing its contributions to the economy of the local, regional and national economy. The study takes within its scope the economical contributions of the DoFVR Solar Energy Systems implemented in the forest villages in Turkey by taking into consideration the data from the forest villages of the Western Mediterranean Region. Written resources regarding the topic was obtained from related public organisations and institutions by the screening method. Unique data was collected with questionnaires developed for face to face interviews. The SES practices were implemented for 3,447 families in a total of 152 forest villages in the Western Mediterranean Region. A sample of 15-20% of the population of each village with the SES was obtained. In additional a survey was conducted with 314 enterprises in the West Black Sea Region. These samples details; A face-to-face survey was conducted with a total of 157 firms in the West Black Sea Region, 133 of which made sheathing during the period 2012-2015 and 24 of which applied Room heater and stove with oven. A total of 2,590 SES implementations were made in this region in 2010-2015. It was aimed to sample an equal number of families from both groups in order to compare the firewood savings of the companies in the scope of SES implementation for firewood saving, supported with sheathing, stove with oven and room heater. For this reason, 157 families/enterprises benefiting from SES support were sampled as well as another 157 families/enterprises benefiting from sheathing, Room heater, and stove with oven support. According to the number of families for which the SES was implemented in the forest villages of the region between 2005-2011, the practice leads to a total annual saving of 10,800 stere. The SES practice has been implemented nationwide to 145 thousand families. According to this, the total annual contribution for the nation is 454 thousand stere. This amount shows that there is approximately an annual saving of 340.5 thousand m 3 of wood. Key Words: DoFVR Solar Energy Systems, sheathing, stove with oven and room heater practices, contribution of firewood on the economy, cost-benefit analysis. 1 Eurasian Journal of Forest Science – Determination of Contribution of Department of Forest-Village Relation’s Projects by Coşgun 2019 INTRODUCTION Increasing demand for energy in the world is accompanied by technical, economic and ecological problems. The estimates of the International Atomic Agency (IEA) indicate that energy requirements in the world will increase by 55% between 2005 and 2030. The largest share of this increase will be in fossil fuels, i.e., petroleum, coal, and natural gas at 84%. According to the IEA, it is expected that the share of renewable energy sources, excluding hydropower, which is 2% in electricity generation today, will reach 6% in 2030. This increase in clean energy resources, expected only in electricity generation, is an indication of what important role they will play in coming years. According to the World Bank estimates; the commercial volume of the solar energy industry will be 4 trillion USD over the next 30 years. As an insufficient country for non-renewable fossil fuels, Turkey is 70% externally dependent on energy, which import of electricity, natural gas, oil and high-quality coal every year, which is worth billions of dollars. However, Turkey has a very strong potential both regarding solar and wind energy (Anonymous, 2014/a; Anonymous, 2014/b). Due to its geographical position, our country is quite fortunate regarding solar energy potential compared to many countries. According to the work done by EIE based on the data of sunlight duration and radiation intensity measured in the General Directorate of State Meteorology Affairs in 1966-1982, the average annual total sunshine duration of Turkey is 2.640 hours (7,2 hours per day), the annual average of lightning intensity is 1.311 kWh/m2 (total of 3.6 kWh/m2 per day). Following this work, Turkey's Solar Energy Potential Atlas (SEPA) work was completed in 2008, and the thematic map images of the results were published on the GDoRE web page. As a result of the updated measurements, the average daily lightning value on the horizontal surface was calculated as 4.14 kWh/m2 and the average annual sunshine duration was 2.740 hours (GDoHW, 2013; GDoREWEPA, 2007; GDoRE-SEPA, 2010; Ministry of Development, 2012) A medium hot water system that uses solar energy avoids 11.4 barrel oil spending per year or saves fuel equivalent to fuel that a mid-size sedan car will spend in 20,000 km (Temiz Dünya Rehberi/Güneş Enerjisi, 2013). The renewable energy field is also important in terms of bringing new business opportunities as well as economic and environmental benefits provided by preferred of this sector. The preference for renewable energy investments makes employment potential in the process of project development, construction-building, and assembly, operation and maintenance-repair. Also, employment is created in the process of developing the manufacturing and labor skills of machinery, materials and industrial products that this preference requires (Yılmaz, 2014). Estimates of the developments in the energy sector are projected to increase substantially in parallel with the increase in the share of renewable energy in the coming years. The most comprehensive report to date on "green jobs", prepared by UNEP/ILO/IOE/ITUC, suggest that as a result of strong sector support, it is estimated that by 2030, 12 million people are expected to be employed solely in the biomass-related agriculture and industry, 3.3 million in solar energy and 1.2 million in wind energy (UNEP/ILO/IOE/ITUC, 2008). In our country, plans and estimations related to the employment in the renewable energy sector have been established. According to different scenarios, it is predicted that the annual employment in solar energy will vary between 5,000 and 8,000 persons/year. This situation is predicted to be between 800 and 1300 person/year in the production of biomass energy (Yılmaz, 2014). In the country energy policies; Th (...truncated)