New Taraxacum species (Asteraceae) for Poland

Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2018) 42: 756-772 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/bot-1802-28 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ Research Article New Taraxacum species (Asteraceae) for Poland 1 2, 2 3 Bohumil TRÁVNÍČEK , Paweł MARCINIUK *, Jolanta MARCINIUK , Vojtĕch ŽILA , Krzysztof OKLEJEWICZ†, 4 5,6 Mateusz WOLANIN , Jaroslav ZÁMEČNÍK 1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic 2 Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland 3 Mládežnická 1227, Strakonice, Czech Republic 4 Department of Botany, Faculty of Mathematics and Nature, Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland 5 Museum of Eastern Bohemia, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic 6 Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Philosophical Faculty, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Received: 15.02.2018 Accepted/Published Online: 28.06.2018 Final Version: 22.11.2018 Abstract: Eleven Taraxacum species were given from Poland for the first time: T. praecox from the section Borea, T. fusciflorum from the section Hamata, and T. clarum, T. praestabile, T. xanthostigma, T. floccosum, T. lundense, T. ottonis, T. subborgvallii, T. pittochromatum, and T. subleucopodum from the section Taraxacum. A photograph of the herbarium specimen from Poland and distributions in Poland and Europe were given for each species. Key words: Apomictic species, biogeography, description, Central Europe, Poland 1. Introduction The apomictic complex of the genus Taraxacum Wigg. is represented by 14 sections in Central Europe (Kirschner et al., 2007). It is still hard to determine the number of species, particularly in the section Taraxacum (= Ruderalia), which is most numerous in species and taxonomically complicated. This is mainly a result of very unequal and still poor recognition of dandelion flora, which is evidenced by a great number of described species (Sonck and Øllgaard, 1999; Øllgaard, 2003a, 2003b; Vašut et al., 2005; Uhlemann et al., 2007; Trávníček et al., 2008; Marciniuk et al, 2012, 2016), and by many morphological types hardly attributed to any of the described species. Distribution of some species of the genus Taraxacum, including those described long ago, is also recognized very unevenly. A good example here is the species described from German military camps functioning in Finland (Railonsala 1957, 1960, 1962, 1964a, 1964b, 1967, 1976; Saarsoo, 1962). These taxa in prevailing majority do not belong to native flora of Finland though several of them were found in their probably natural sites in Central Europe (Poland, Czech Republic, Germany). The first list of species of the genus Taraxacum in Poland (Tacik, 1980) is mainly based on material collected from a small area near Kraków. Moreover, about 30% of these species were given based on uncertain determinations. Later publications (Øllgaard et al., 2000, 2002a, 2002b; Øllgaard, 2003a; Grużewska, 2004; Marciniuk et al., 2007a, 2007b; Trávníček et al., 2007; Marciniuk et al., 2010; Marciniuk and Marciniuk, 2012; Wolanin et al. 2012) brought much information on the distribution of species reported by Tacik (1980) and on sites of species not found in Poland before. However, there are many regions in Poland from which no data on the presence of dandelions are available. The present paper supplements existing knowledge on the distribution of species of the genus Taraxacum in Central Europe and enlarges the Polish flora by 11 species. 2. Materials and methods Field studies were carried out during 2010–2013 mainly in southern Poland. This paper presents sites of species not noted in Poland yet. The exception is T. praestabile, given by Tacik (1980) based on uncertain determinations (cf. T. praestabile det. Kantonnen). Species characteristics are based on the observations of each found species, which were compared with the original diagnoses (Lindberg, 1910; Puolanne, 1933; Railonsala, 1962, 1977; Christiansen, 1971; Sahlin, 1975; Øllgaard, 1983, 2003a; Uhlemann et al., 2007). No significant differences between our observations and the original descriptions were found. * Correspondence: 756 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. TRÁVNÍČEK et al. / Turk J Bot Each characteristic is illustrated by a scan of the herbarium specimen collected in Poland. Sites are localized relative to the nearest town, geographic coordinates, and units of the ATPOL cartography (Zając, 1978; Zając and Zając, 2001). The distribution of species in Europe is given based on the following papers: Kirschner et al. (2007), Uhlemann (2003, 2015), Trávníček and Štěpánek (2008), and Trávníček et al. (2010, 2015). Herbarium material is deposited in the following herbaria: Palacký University in Olomouc herbarium (OL), V. Žíla herbarium (hŽíla), J. Zámečník herbarium (hZámečník), K. Oklejewicz herbarium (hOklejewicz), M. Wolanin herbarium (hM.Wolanin), and Jagiellonian University in Kraków herbarium (KRA). 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Taraxacum sect. Borea A.J.Richards 3.1.1. Taraxacum praecox Markl. ex Puolanne (Figure 1) In Memoranda Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 8: 165, 1933 Recorded localities: 1. Bydgoszcz town, meadow in the Wisła River valley, Toruń Valley, ATPOL square CC27, 2.05.2009, J. & P. Marciniuk, KRA. 2. Ręczyn village, lawns in central part of the village, 51°02′03″N, 14°58′33″E, ATPOL square AE44, 225 m a.s.l., 12.05.2013, B. Trávníček & V. Žíla, OL. 3. Szaflary village, lawns by the Orkana street, 49°25′29″N, 20°01′17″E, ATPOL square EG30, 660 m a.s.l., 18.05.2013, B. Trávníček, V. Žíla, P. Marciniuk, J. Marciniuk, K. Oklejewicz & M. Wolanin, hM.Wolanin. Main diagnostic features of the species: a mediumsized, rather slender plant; leaves usually mid green, Figure 1. Taraxacum praecox Markl. ex Puolanne (locality: Szaflary, ATPOL square EG30; hM.Wolanin). ±glabrous, with 3–5 lateral lobes; petiole lucidly purple, usually unwinged; lateral lobes recurved, acute, distal margin slightly convex or sigmoid, most often entire, proximal margin usually ±straight, entire; terminal lobe large, elongate, triangular-sagittate, often with lateral incisions; inflorescence buds dark green; outer bracts recurved, narrow, 2.0–3.5 mm wide, 12–14 mm long, unbordered, flat, green; capitulum convex, about 40 mm in diameter, styles dark, pollen present. Distribution outside Poland: Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, northeastern part of European Russia. 3.2. Taraxacum sect. Hamata H.Øllg. 3.2.1. Taraxacum fusciflorum H.Øllg. (Figure 2) In Pl. Syst. Evol. 141: 215, 1983 Recorded localities: 1. Radzimów village near Zawidów town, lawns and roadsides near the church in the village, 51°03′19″N, 15°06′31″E, ATPOL square AE45, 245 m a.s.l., 1.05.2011, B. Trávníček & V. Žíla, OL. 2. Bogatynia village, roadsides near cemetery, 50°54′57″N, 14°57′38″E, ATPOL square AE64, 250 m a.s.l., 10.05.2013, B. Trávníče (...truncated)