Gust Wind Effects on Stability and Ride Quality of Actively Controlled Maglev Guideway Systems

Hindawi Shock and Vibration Volume 2017, Article ID 9716080, 23 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9716080 Research Article Gust Wind Effects on Stability and Ride Quality of Actively Controlled Maglev Guideway Systems Dong-Ju Min,1 Soon-Duck Kwon,2 Jong-Won Kwark,3 and Moon-Young Kim1 1 School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea 3 Structural Engineering Research Division, SOC Research Institute, Daehwa-Dong, Goyang, Ilsanseo-gu 411-712, Republic of Korea Correspondence should be addressed to Moon-Young Kim; Received 6 February 2017; Accepted 5 March 2017; Published 4 April 2017 Academic Editor: Jeong-Hoi Koo Copyright © 2017 Dong-Ju Min et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The purpose of this paper is to present a framework to analyze the interaction between an actively controlled magnetic levitation vehicle and a guideway structure under gusty wind. The equation of motion is presented for a 30-dof maglev vehicle model consisting of one cabin and four bogies. In addition, a lateral electromagnetic suspension (EMS) system is introduced to improve the running safety and ride quality of the maglev vehicle subjected to turbulent crosswind. By using the developed simulation tools, the effects of various parameters on the dynamic response of the vehicle and guideway are investigated in the case of the UTM maglev vehicle running on a simply supported guideway and cable-stayed guideway. The simulation results show that the independent lateral EMS and associated control scheme are definitely helpful in improving the running safety and ride quality of the vehicle under gusty wind. In the case of the cable-stayed guideway, at low wind speed, vehicle speed is the dominant factor influencing the dynamic responses of the maglev vehicle and the guideway, but at wind speed over 10 m/s, wind becomes the dominant factor. For the ride quality of the maglev vehicle, wind is also the most influential factor. 1. Introduction The maglev vehicle is expected to replace the conventional wheel-rail system for low and medium speed public transportation, because of its advantages, which include comfortable ride, antinoise feature, reduced risk of derailment, and reduced cost for guideway maintenance [1]. Test lines for maglev vehicles were recently constructed for the Shanghai Maglev Train (SMT) in China, the MLX01 in Japan, and the Urban Transit Maglev (UTM) in Korea. Numerous researchers have studied the maglev vehicle system in various fields. In particular, some researchers have since the 1970–80s focused on the dynamic problem of maglev vehicle-guideway interactions analysis [2– 6]. However most of the earlier studies were conducted in 2-dimensional (2D) modeling of the vehicle system. Cai et al. [7] conducted a parametric study on short span bridges crossed by a two-degree-of-freedom (dof) maglev vehicle modeled with passive spring and dashpot suspension. Huang et al. [8] proposed a nonlinear adaptive backstepping controller for a 5-dof maglev vehicle to stabilize the system under uncertainty. Zheng et al. [9] performed numerical simulations of a coupled 5-dof maglev vehicle-guideway system with a controlled magnetic force. Zhao and Zhai [10] investigated the ride quality of a 2D model of the Transrapid maglev vehicle with an equivalent passive suspension running on a simply supported beam. Kaloust et al. [11] presented a nonlinear robust control design for the levitation and propulsion of a magnetic suspension that guarantees global stability and robustness for a 2-dof maglev vehicle. More detailed and diverse research results have been published. Han et al. [12] performed finite element analyses of the Korean UTM vehicle and guideway structures by using a large number of elements. Jin et al. [13] proposed 2 an optimized maglev guideway structure that met the design requirements of the Korean Urban Maglev Program. Wang et al. [14] performed a numerical dynamic simulation of the maglev vehicle and guideway system. Lee et al. [15] developed a numerical model for a dynamic interaction analysis of an actively controlled 5-dof maglev vehicle and flexible guideway structure. Yau [16–18] performed a numerical simulation for maglev vehicles under diverse situations, such as wind and horizontal ground motion. Ren et al. [19] presented coupled analysis results for the maglev vehicle and guideway system using Simulink to solve the coupled problem. Yang et al. [20] investigated the robust control of a class of uncertain systems via a disturbance-observer-based control approach, the control method of which was applied to a nonlinear maglev system. Shi and Wang [21] studied the dynamic response of the single-span guideway induced by a moving maglev train. Recently, more complicated three-dimensional (3D) analyses for the dynamic interaction problem have been conducted. Kwon et al. [22] performed the numerical simulation for a 11-dof maglev vehicle with equivalent passive suspension running on a suspension bridge under gusty winds. Yau [23] presented the framework for performing nonlinear dynamic analysis for a simplified 3D maglev model subjected to crosswinds. He used a clipped-LQR actuator with time delay compensation. Min et al. [24] developed a detailed 3D maglev vehicle model based on a UTM model and presented the 3D resonance phenomena of the guideway girder and the maglev vehicle. Generally, most researches have been carried out for 2D maglev vehicle models, and few studies have employed simple 3D vehicle models [22, 23, 25, 26]. Compared to traditional wheel train studies using very sophisticated vehicle models, the simplified maglev vehicle models do not adequately reflect the dynamic effects. Also, few studies are reported that relate to external factors, such as wind or seismic loads, which can cause ride quality problems in the maglev system [18, 22]. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present the 3D interaction analysis framework of a wind-maglev vehicleguideway structure coupled problem. We have improved the existing model [24] to derive the equation of motion for a 30-dof maglev vehicle model consisting of one cabin and four bogies. In addition, a lateral control system is newly introduced to enhance the running safety and ride quality of the maglev vehicle subjected to gusty side wind. We simulate various cases using the developed analysis framework and present the results. 2. Equations of Motion for the Maglev Vehicle and the Guideway System The present maglev vehicle model consists of one cabin and four bogies, in which each part is assumed to be a rigid body having 6-dof, such as axial, lateral (...truncated)