A Comprehensive Survey on VANET Security Services in Traffic Management System

Hindawi Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Volume 2019, Article ID 2423915, 23 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2423915 Review Article A Comprehensive Survey on VANET Security Services in Traffic Management System Muhammad Sameer Sheikh 1 2 1,2 and Jun Liang 2 School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China Department of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China Correspondence should be addressed to Muhammad Sameer Sheikh; and Jun Liang; Received 28 May 2019; Accepted 18 August 2019; Published 15 September 2019 Guest Editor: Manzoor Ahmed Khan Copyright © 2019 Muhammad Sameer Sheikh and Jun Liang. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Recently, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) embark a great deal of attention in the area of wireless and communication technology and are becoming one of the prominent research areas in the intelligent transportation system (ITS) because they provide safety and precautionary measures to the drivers and passengers, respectively. VANETs are quite different from the mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) in terms of characteristics, challenges, system architecture, and their application. In this paper, we summarize the recent state-of-the-art methods of VANETs by discussing their architecture, security, and challenges. Secondly, we discuss the detailed analysis of security schemes and the possible measures to provide secure communication in VANETs. Then, we comprehensively cover the authentication schemes, which is able to protect the vehicular network from malicious nodes and fake messages. Thus, it provides security in VANETs. Thirdly, we cover the mobility and network simulators, as well as other simulation tools, followed by the performance of authentication schemes. Finally, we discuss the comfort and safety applications of VANETs. In sum, this paper comprehensively covers the entire VANETsystem and its applications by filling the gaps of existing surveys and incorporating the latest trends in VANETs. 1. Introduction In today's digital world, intelligent transportation system (ITS) plays a very important role in making the life of the citizens easy in every facet. ITS aims to achieve higher traffic efficiency by minimizing traffic problems and controlling unpleasant events.The ITS offers pervasive and robust services in terms of providing road and traffic safeties, reducing traffic congestion and improving traffic flow, and providing entertainment services on the vehicles, etc. [1]. The automotive industry realizes the need of the vehicle to be connected with the IT system; for example, communication between the vehicles increases the traffic safety and optimizes the traffic flow [2]. This is performed to meet the demands and broaden the recognition event of vehicles, which cannot be possible by sensors [2]. Traffic flow parameters, driver behavior, and driving conditions can be detected and shared with vehicles within their vicinity. To share this information and increase the efficient communication between vehicles, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been introduced [3]. The aim of the ITS is to provide traffic safety and enhance traffic flow. VANET is a type of MANET with road routes, which depends on registration mechanism, roadside units (RSUs), and onboard units (OBUs) [4]. The OBUs are the radios that are installed in every vehicle as a transmitter to communicate with each vehicle, while RSUs are installed along the street with network devices. RSUs are used to communicate with the infrastructure and contain the network devices for dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) [5]. VANETs are classified into two categories: vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications [6]. The main responsibility of VANETs is to produce effective communication; basically, the nodes require specific features to acquire information, to communicate with the neighbors, and then to take decisions 2 based on all information collected by using sensors, cameras, global positioning system (GPS) receivers, and omnidirectional antennas [7]. Recently, VANETs are gaining a lot of attention in wireless and mobile communication technology. They are one of the robust schemes to implementing the intelligent transportation system (ITS). VANETs and MANETs are quite different from each other in terms of high node mobility, network architecture, and unreliable channel, as well as time deadline, less reliability, driving condition, and network fragmentation [8–10]. The unique features in VANETs such as high mobility and volatility have made them weaker to the internal and external network attacks [11]. These attacks create difficulty in designing secure VANETs in terms of security, privacy, and trust [11]. In recent years, a key management scheme has received a great attention due to its characteristics and reliability in providing a secure channel in fog computing. This scheme can be used in VANETs to form a fog system in terms of RSUs such as edge routers and intelligent traffic light [12]. VANETs face many security challenges and issues related to authentication and privacy [13–17]. In addition to these, untrustworthy vehicles raise many security and communication issues in VANETs [18]. In VANETs, the entire communication is in open access environment, which makes VANETs are more vulnerable to the attacks. Thus, the attacker can modify, intercept, inject, and delete the messages in VANETs. For example, the attacker can get access to the traffic messages, which are used to guide the vehicles on the road. The attacker may alter these messages and may spread false information on the road, which causes traffic congestions, traffic incidents, accidents, hazards, etc. In order to effectively apply VANETs in wireless communication technology, security and privacy issues must be handled efficiently by introducing sophisticated algorithms to tackle all kinds of threats and attacks. To address these issues, several research studies have been proposed in terms of authentication and privacy schemes for the VANET system. Several methods utilized public key infrastructure (PKI) schemes to authenticate vehicles, which contain the digital signature of the certification authority (CA) and vehicles’ public keys. Thus, the vehicles and RSUs require a large amount of computational time and memory to process and verify these certificates [2, 19]. These schemes create more robust solutions by verifying signatures of each vehicle. However, it creates two problems [16]. Firstly, as OBUs contain less power, they may not be able to verify all the signatures in short time. Secondly, each message contains signatures and certificates, which may increase the (...truncated)