Insights into the pathogenesis of nicotine addiction. Could a salivary biosensor be useful in Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)?

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences Volume 6 | Issue 2 Article 4 2019 Insights into the pathogenesis of nicotine addiction. Could a salivary biosensor be useful in Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)? Anida-Maria Băbțan Nausica B. Petrescu Anca Ionel Bianca A. Boșca Willi A. Uriciuc See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/jmms Part of the Behavioral Medicine Commons, Integrative Medicine Commons, Preventive Medicine Commons, Primary Care Commons, and the Psychiatry Commons Recommended Citation Băbțan, Anida-Maria; Petrescu, Nausica B.; Ionel, Anca; Boșca, Bianca A.; Uriciuc, Willi A.; Feurdean, Claudia N.; Mirică, Codruța I.; Bordea, Roxana; Miclăuș, Viorel; Ruxanda, Flavia; Todea, Adina D.; Alexescu, Teodora G.; Câmpian, Radu S.; and Ilea, Aranka (2019) "Insights into the pathogenesis of nicotine addiction. Could a salivary biosensor be useful in Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)?," Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences: Vol. 6 : Iss. 2 , Article 4. DOI: 10.22543/7674.62.P196209 Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/jmms/vol6/iss2/4 This Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at . Insights into the pathogenesis of nicotine addiction. Could a salivary biosensor be useful in Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)? Authors Anida-Maria Băbțan, Nausica B. Petrescu, Anca Ionel, Bianca A. Boșca, Willi A. Uriciuc, Claudia N. Feurdean, Codruța I. Mirică, Roxana Bordea, Viorel Miclăuș, Flavia Ruxanda, Adina D. Todea, Teodora G. Alexescu, Radu S. Câmpian, and Aranka Ilea This review article is available in Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences: https://scholar.valpo.edu/jmms/vol6/iss2/4 https://scholar.valpo.edu/jmms/ https://proscholar.org/jmms/ ISSN: 2392-7674 J Mind Med Sci. 2019; 6(2): 196-209 doi: 10.22543/7674.62.P196209 Received for publication: April 11, 2019 Accepted: July 27, 2019 Review Insights into the pathogenesis of nicotine addiction. Could a salivary biosensor be useful in Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)? Anida-Maria Băbțan1, Nausica B. Petrescu1, Anca Ionel1, Bianca A. Boșca2, Willi A. Uriciuc1, Claudia N. Feurdean1, Codruța I. Mirică1, Roxana Bordea1, Viorel Miclăuș3, Flavia Ruxanda3, Adina D. Todea4, Teodora G. Alexescu5, Radu S. Câmpian1*, Aranka ( * - equal contribution) Ilea1* Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office Management, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2-5 Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2 Department of Histology, 3Department of Cell Biology, Histology, Embryology, 4Department of Pneumophtisiology, 5Department of Internal Medicine 1 Abstract Nicotine has gained the attention of the medical community due to its insidious addictive mechanisms which lead to chronic consumption. The multitude of compounds derived from tobacco smoke have local and systemic negative impacts, resulting in a large number of smoking-related pathologies. The present review offers insights into nicotine addiction physiopathology, as well as social and medical implications, with emphasis on its correlation with Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs). Therapeutic strategies and new approaches to nicotine assessment and cessation treatment are discussed, noting that such strategies could take into account the possibility of slow and gradual nicotine release from a device attached to a prosthetic piece, based on salivary nicotine-concentration feedback. This approach could offer real-time and home-based self-therapy monitoring by the physician and the patient for follow-up and improve long-term cessation treatment success- Graphical abstract. Keywords  Highlights ✓ Smoking addiction has strong pharmacological, psycho-social, and media support. Pathogenesis, nicotine addiction, salivary biosensor, Nicotine Replacement Therapy, NRT ✓ The development of a double-effect salivary biosensor could represent a useful approach in nicotine addiction therapy. To cite this article: Băbțan AM, Petrescu NB, Ionel A, Boșca BA, Uriciuc WA, Feurdean CN, Mirică CI, Bordea R, Miclăuș V, Ruxanda F, Todea AD, Alexescu TG, Câmpian RS, Ilea A. Insights into the pathogenesis of nicotine addiction. Could a salivary biosensor be useful in Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)? J Mind Med Sci. 2019; 6(2): 196-209. DOI: 10.22543/7674.62.P196209 *Corresponding author: Boșca Adina Bianca, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy ClujNapoca, Department of Histology, Pasteur Street, No 5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania E-mail: Anida-Maria Băbțan et al. Introduction Materials and Methods Nicotine, with the molecular formula C10H14N2 and IUPAC name 3-[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine, is a natural alkaloid found in the tobacco plant, Nicotiana tabacum (1). It has been grown in Native America since 1400 BCE and then brought to Europe via King Philip the 2nd of Spain, through his Spanish Chronicler Hernández de Boncalo. The name “cigar” is derived from “cicadas,” the insects that caused plague in the tobacco cultures (2, 3). Over time, nicotine has been used in trading, as a ceremonial tool, as a manner of socializing, for pleasure or relaxation, and for its therapeutic potential in systemic diseases. Nicotine’s hazard consists in the fact that it is being used both as an addictive substance and as a medication in smoking cessation therapies. The purpose of the present paper is to provide an update regarding the molecular and pathogenic mechanisms of smoking addiction, with emphasis on its correlation with Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs). We also discuss smoking cessation strategies and include reference to an innovative approach that associates nicotine addiction therapy with a biosensor inserted in a prosthetic piece, used both as a realtime analyzer and as a treatment option. This paper is a narrative review of studies involving molecular and pathogenic mechanisms of nicotine addiction, nicotine metabolism, medical consequences, smoke-derived AGEs, cessation treatment options and alternatives, and innovative approaches in nicotine replacement therapy. The authors used “PUBMED” and MeSH to gather published papers on the above-mentioned aspects. The following keyword associations were used: “nicotine addiction”, “nicotine” AND “smoking”, “nicotine” AND “pathogenic mechanism”, “nicotine” AND “genetic determinism”, “nicotine” AND “metabolism”, “smoking” OR “nicotine” AND “AGEs”, “smoking” OR “nicotine” AND “disease”, “smoking cessation” AND “Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)” OR “saliva”, “smoking cessation” AND “salivary biosensor”. Inclusion criteria were free full-text articles in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Human and animal model studie (...truncated)