Taxonomy of the Brazilian firefly Cladodes illigeri (Coleoptera, Lampyridae): morphology and new records

Iheringia, Série Zoologia DOI: 10.1590/1678-476620151053359366 Taxonomy of the Brazilian firefly Cladodes illigeri (Coleoptera, Lampyridae): morphology and new records Luiz Felipe Lima da Silveira1,2, Milada Bocakova3 & José Ricardo M. Mermudes2 1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, A0-113, Bloco A, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. () 2. Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, A1-107, Bloco A, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Palacký University, Zizkovo nam. 5, CZ-77140 Olomouc, Czech Republic. ABSTRACT. Cladodes illigeri (Kirby, 1818) is redescribed, and can be distinguished by the following features: color pattern overall black, paired spots and elytral margins pale yellow; pygidium bisinuate, posterior angles rounded, as long as median margin; and aedeagus with phallus 1/3 shorter than the parameres, which are sinuated apically. Cladodes lamellicornis (Motschulsky, 1854) is proposed as a junior synomym of C. illigeri. New records from the Atlantic Rainforest and illustrations for structural features are provided. KEYWORDS. Amydetinae, Vestina, Neotropical, synonymy. RESUMO. Taxonomia de Cladodes illigeri (Coleoptera, Lampyridae): morfologia e novos registros. Cladodes illigeri (Kirby, 1818) é redescrito, o qual pode ser diagnosticado pelos seguintes caracteres: padrão do colorido negro, com par de faixas amarelo-pálidas nas margens elitrais; pigídio bisinuoso, ângulos posteriores arredondados, tão longo quanto a margem mediana; e edeago com falo 1/3 mais curto que os parâmeros, os quais são sinuosos apicalmente. Cladodes lamellicornis (Motschulsky, 1854) é sinonimizado com C. illigeri. Novos registros da Mata Atlântica e ilustrações das características estruturais são fornecidos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE. Amydetinae, Vestina, Neotropical, sinonímia. Cladodes Solier, 1849 (Amydetinae, Vestina) are small to very large-sized diurnal fireflies, distributed in South America (McDermott, 1964), which share the following common characters: an outline narrowly to broadly elliptic; antennae 11-jointed, flabellate and sometimes fan-folded, shorter than body half, antennomeres short, flabellae very long; eyes mediocre; elytra widest at, ahead of, or posterior to midlenght; abdomen strongly lobed; terminal sternum with a median triangular point; male luminous organs rudimentary. The genus has 21 species (McDermott, 1966) in two subgenera: Cladodes s. str., and Fenestratocladodes Pic, 1935, monotypic. The genus still lacks taxonomic revision, and this study is the first attempt towards it. In this paper, we present a redescription of Cladodes illigeri (Kirby, 1818) based on study of holotype, and provide illustrations of structural features. d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN), Zoological Museum of the Lomonosov, University of Moscow, Russia (ZMLM), Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ) and Coleção Entomológica Prof. José Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (DZRJ). Diagnosis was provided based on the comparison with co-generic species compared with type-material whenever possible. RESULTS Cladodes illigeri (Kirby, 1818) (Figs 1-32) MATERIAL AND METHODS Lampyris illigeri Kirby, 1818:387 Megalophthalmus (?) illigeri Motschulsky, 1854:25 Lucernuta illigeri Olivier, 1911:65 Cladodes illigeri McDermott, 1966: 82 Nyctocrepis lamellicornis Motschulsky, 1854:10; Lacordaire, 1857:314; Olivier, 1885:139; Gorham, 1880:7 Syn. nov. Cladodes lamellicornis McDermott, 1966:82. Dissection techniques and terminology follows Silveira & Mermudes (2013, 2014a,b). We dissected and boiled in 10% KOH the specimens. Wing and abdominal sclerites were mounted under glass before illustration. The material was analyzed under stereomicroscope and photographs were made with the Leica Application Suite CV3 Auto-montage Software. Photographs were adjusted in Adobe Photoshop CS5 software. Specimens studied belong to the following collections: The National History Museum, London, United Kingdom (BMNH), Muséum National Diagnosis. Colour pattern: body overall dark brown, pronotum black, with paired lateral pale yellow vittae, elytra black, basal 1/2 of lateral margins pale yellow, abdominal sternum VIII with 1/3 lateral translucent, rudimentary larval lanterns conspicuous pygidium black, with anterolateral vittae, trochanters and basal 1/4-1/3 of femora pale yellow. Pronotum semicircular, almost 2x wider than long; posterior angles rounded, slightly projected posteriad. Elytra almost 2.75x longer than wide, widest at basal 1/3, then narrowing towards the apex. Phallobase symmetric; parameres Iheringia, Série Zoologia, Porto Alegre, 105(3):359-366, 30 de setembro de 2015 360 Fig. 1. Cladodes illigeri (Kirby, 1818). Holotype, habitus and labels. symmetric, widest in the basal 2/5, then tapering to distal third, distal portion sinuate and projected internally; phallus 1/3 shorter than the parameres, constricted subapically, ventrodistally clefted, dorsoventrally membranous in apical 1/4; endophallus projected beyond the phallus. Redescription, male. Body overall dark brown. Pronotum black with paired lateral pale yellow vittae. Elytra black, basal 1/2 of lateral margins pale yellow. Abdominal sternum VIII with 1/3 lateral translucent, rudimentary larval lanterns conspicuous. Pygidium black with anterolateral vittae. Trochanters and basal 1/4-1/3 of femora pale yellow. Body shape elliptic (Figs 1, 2). Head (Figs 1−13) completely covered by pronotum (Figs 3−4), 2x wider than long. Eye (Figs 5−9) as long as 3/5 head width in dorsal and ventral view; 1/4 as wide as head width, almost as wide in dorsal as in ventral view; internal margin divergent posteriad in dorsal view, almost parallel ventrally; posteroventral margin slightly beveled in lateral view; posterior margin somewhat truncate in ventral view. Frons prominent. Vertex (Figs 5−9) somewhat plane, with two discrete posterior parasagittal indentations. Antennal sockets (Figs 7−8) elliptic, separated by 1/3 labral width; 1/3 longer than wide; antennifer process conspicuous. Antennae(Figs 1−4,12) 11-jointed, flabellate, scape constricted in basal 1/2, pedicel slightly wider than long, antennomeres III-XI increasingly longer towards apex, basal flabellae slightly longer than 1/2 antenna length, flabellae slightly decreasing in size towards apex, antenommere XI 5x longer than X. Frontoclypeus curved. Labrum rectangular, slightly longer than wide, connate to frontoclypeus. Mandibles (Fig 13) abruptly arcuate almost right-angled, apex acute, tooth absent; external margin sparsely setose in basal 1/3; internal margin strongly sulcate, with a wisp of bristles, basally. Hypopharynx bilobed, with dense, minute bristles (...truncated)