Microbiological properties of both drinking and domestic waters in Çorum

Mesci, S, et al. International Journal of Science Letters. 2019. 1(1): 56-67. Research Article Microbiological properties of both drinking and domestic waters in Çorum Seda Mesci1 * , Rüveyda Turbay2 , Zübeyir Tuncel2 1 2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Çorum/Turkey Çorum Municipality, Water and Sewerage Directorate, Laboratory and Scada Control Center, Çorum/Turkey Abstract Article History Drinking water is of vital importance for all living things and regular monitoring of water quality is of great importance for public health. In this study, we aimed to examine some microbiological characteristics and to be evaluated in terms of the health of drinking water and wells used in Çorum. In Çorum province, once a month from ten sourceswells and water tanks used for consumption and five days a week from the central stopcock water relating to 40 locations; samples were taken in observance with the hygiene precept to 250 mL private bacteriological sterile drinking water cruet with 10% sodium thiosulfate solution. In winter, spring and summer seasons, total 1234 samples taken from sources-well, water tanks and central city tap water between January and July were used. A total of 66 samples taken from resources and wells used for consumption in Çorum proved to have seasonal changes, and some increment and diminish in bacteria rate are defined. According to the “Regulation on Waters for Human Consumption”; Chloride value: 0.2-0.5 mg/L (photometric method) was detected in the value range, and at the end daily control and checking, 1168 samples were gathered from the water samples among January and July in Çorum province. As a result of the information determined, there is no negative and contradictory data. Received 06.07.2019 Accepted 09.08.2019 Keywords Çorum, Drinking and domestic waters, Microbiological parameters, Water quality 1. Introduction It is declared that nearly 80% (about 4.8 billion) of the world’s population inhabit in domain where incident human water either safety or biodiversity threats overrun 75th percentile (Vorosmarty et al., 2010). Water quality across the world tends to deteriorate significantly (WWAP 2009). As such, it is very important have dependable information of 1 Correspondence: 56 water quality on the river for water resource management from the regional to universal scale (Huang et al., 2014). Water quality is influenced by a combination of natural factors (e.g., rains, temperature, bedrock, land, estate) and anthropogenic factors (e.g., agricultural application, domestic wastewater/industrial effect) (Ouyang et al., 2006; Baker, 2003; Li et al., 2013). The quality of drinking water should be acceptable for human consumption. Water quality depends on the composition of water affected by natural continuity and human activities. Also, for water quality is described water parameters (microbiological, physical and chemical), and human health is at risk if values overrun admissible limits (Akter et al., 2016; BIS 2012; WHO 2012). Inefficient access to adequate and safe drinking water is causes billions of people diarrhoea disease and of approximately 900,000 deaths per year (Kayser et al., 2015; Clasen et al., 2014). This has directly effects on public health, and the impacts are most remarkable on children under-five (Kayser et al., 2015; Haller et al., 2007; Hunter et al., 2010). Contamination of pathogens via dirty water is a major cause of illness global. It has been forecasted that more than half of gastrointestinal diseases are caused by contaminated drinking water (Shaw et al., 2015; Hunter, 1997), and 4% of all deaths worldwide are due to grimy drinking water and low sanitation (Shaw et al., 2015; Prüss et al.,2002). In advanced nations water quality evaluations and treatment services have been acquainted to decrease microbial contamination, resulting in a important reduction in drinking water-related illnesses and deaths. Water treatment mostly contains the reduction of organics and other contaminants via coagulation and sedimentation, decomposition of any residuary solids via filtration, and eventually sterilization via ultraviolet (UV) radiation or chemical oxidants. The addition of chemical oxidants such as monochloramine and chlorine is the very widespread method of drinking water disinfection (Shaw et al., 2015; EPA 1999). The microorganism causing pollution identified in the stool is a member of the microflora in the human and animal intestinal tracts. It must also be present in water sample if fecal contamination is available (Luyt et al., 2012; Tandlich and Muller, 2008). The microorganism indicator for the detection of waterborne pathogens must meet some criteria: if the pathogen is 57 present, it should be present in the water sample. If the pathogen is absent, it should not be present in the water sample; finally, the indicator microorganism must have similar characteristics to that pathogen (Luyt et al., 2012; Genthe and Franck, 1999). A obvious relationship has been declared between the concentration of E. coli in a certain water sample and the possibility of gastroenteritis symptoms in humans exposed to the water through drinking (Luyt et al., 2012; Pruss, 1998). Hence, E. coli must fulfills the this criteria for an indicator organism (Luyt et al., 2012). Coliform bacteria are pathogenic, and their presence in the water indicates contamination with the feces, and therefore it’s a potential threat. Since diseases such as cholera, dysentery and typhoid are the cause of intestinal infection, the presence of coliform bacteria in the water may indicate that the bacteria causing the specified diseases are present in that water. So these bacteria are indicators of such a danger. Clostridium species acquire ATP by phosphorylation only at the substrate level, which lacks the respiratory chain. There are many mechanisms in these organisms that provide energy for anaerobic digestion and are formed by C. perfringens, a gaseous gangrene disease (Samsunlu, 2017). The study is first and original in terms of the evaluation of the microbiological parameters of Çorum. In this study, we aimed to examine some microbiological characteristics of drinking and domestic water used in Çorum province and evaluate them from the health point of view. 2. Materials and Methods Standards related to drinking water in our country, “The Regulation on Waters for Human Consumption" rearranged within the framework of European harmonisation legislation was published in the Official Gazette dated 20 October 2016 and numbered 29863. Based on this regulation; In Çorum province (center), once a month from 10 sources-wells and water tanks used for consumption and five days a week from the central stopcock water belonging to 40 locations (for example: schools, parks, mosques, etc.); samples were taken in suitable with the hygiene rule to 250 mL special bacteriological sterile drinking water bottles wit (...truncated)